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Mezhep kavramının toplumda daha çok taassup ve bağnazlıkla beraber anılan kavramlar arasında sıklıkla kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu yaygın kanaatin aksine alimlerin mezhep geleneğini mezhep içinde kalarak eleştirel bakış açısıyla geliştirdiklerine de şahit olmaktayız. Bunun en güzel örneklerinden birini Şâfiî mezhebinin temel metinlerinden biri kabul edilen el-Mühezzeb adlı eserin yazarı Şîrâzî’de (ö.476) görmek mümkündür. Şîrâzî’nin Şâfiî mezhebinin önemli alimlerinden kabul ettiği ve İmam Şâfiî’nin (ö.204) öğrencilerinden olan Ebû Sevr’e (ö.240) yönelik eleştirileri, mezhep içi eleştiri kültürünü ortaya koyması açısından dikkat çekicidir. Şîrâzî’nin Ebû Sevr’e yönelik eleştirileri incelendiğinde, ele alınan konuların değerlendirilmesinin mezhep içi bütünlüğün korumanın yanında bilimsel kaygıların da güdüldüğünü göstermektedir. Nitekim Şîrâzî’nin incelediği her konuda, Ebû Sevr’in görüşlerini, dayandığı delillerle beraber zikrettikten sonra ilmi bir temelde eleştiriye tabii tuttuğu görülmektedir. Kendi iddialarını bir mezhep kabulü üzerinden savunmamakta bilakis deliller üzerinden sunmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu şekliyle düşünüldüğünde mezheplerin geleneklerini dar kalıplarla tekrar etmekten öte eleştiri kültürüyle geliştirdikleri görülecektir. Bu bakımdan geçmiş geleneğin algılanması ve yeniden ihyası açısından çalışmamızın önem arz ettiğini düşünmekteyiz.
The concept of meshep is often used among the concepts referred to more often in society and in society. In contrast to this widespread canat, we are witnessing that the scientists have developed the religious tradition in the religious and critical perspective. One of the most beautiful examples of this is the one of the basic texts of the Shafiî mezheb, which is considered to be the author of the work al-Mühezzeb in Shirâzî (e.g. 476). Those who are in the midst of the covenant, and who are in the midst of the covenant, and who are in the midst of the covenant, and who are in the midst of the covenant, and who are in the midst of the covenant, and who are in the midst of the covenant. When the criticism of Shirâzî to Ebû Sevr is studied, the assessment of the topics discussed shows that the conservation of religious integrity in addition to the scientific concerns are also driven. In fact, in every matter of the Shrâzî is seen that the Shrâzî’s opinions, along with the evidence of which he is based, are kept to criticize on a knowledge basis. He does not attempt to defend his own claims on the basis of a religious acceptance. When it is considered in this way, it will be seen that the disciples have developed their traditions with a critical culture rather than repeating their traditions with narrow patterns. In this regard, we consider that it is important to recognize the past tradition and to work on it again.
It is being seen that the concept of sect is frequently used among the concepts that are mostlyassocia ted with bigotry and bigotry in the society. Contrary to this common belief, we also witness that scholars develop the sectarian tradition with a critical point of view while remaining within the sect. One of the best examples of this can be seen in Al-Shirazi (d.476/1083), the author of the work named alMuhazzab, which is recognized as one of the main texts of the Shafii sect. Al-Shirazi’s criticism against Abu Sawr (d.240/854), one of the students of Imam Shafii (d.204/820), who is accepted as an important scholar of the Shafii school, is remarkable since it reveals the intrasectarian criticism culture. Al-Shirazi’s criticism against Abu Sawr is examined, it shows that the discussion is not only motivated by the concerns of protecting the integrity within the sect but also by scientific concerns. As a matter offact, it is seen that Al-Shirazi criticized Abu Sawr’s views on each discussed issue on a scientific basis, after mentioning them together with the evidence on which he had based these views. He does not defend his claims through sectarian dogmas but tries to present them through evidence. When considered in this way, it will be seen that sects develop their traditions with a culture of criticism rather than repeating them with narrow patterns. In this respect, we think that our work is important in terms of the perception and revival of the past tradition
Alan : İlahiyat
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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