Özet:

The Ottoman Empire classified the society living in it, namely the subjects, according to some of their characteristics, especially according to their religious beliefs. The Ottoman Empire kept the people under its rule in many different continents together in the “Millet System.” The criterion based on the millet system was prioritized rather than the race of that society, and the Ottoman justice was applied to the entire Ottoman nation, whether Muslim or not. The Ottoman Empire was disintegrated after the First World War and the Republic of Turkey was established in its place, and the nation system based on religion was transformed into a race-based citizen system. The name of the regime became clear when the Republic was declared in Turkey in 1923. In this context, the representation of the deputies who will rule the country with their own free will through elections in the national assembly has been the main condition of democracy. The defense of the free thought of people from all walks of life in the country and the participation of citizens belonging to different religions and races in this parliament further strengthened democracy. In this context, even if Atatürk supported multi-party democracy, the second attempt was also unsuccessful when the Free Republican Party dissolved itself in 1930. Atatürk, who could not get results from the multi-party steps, did not give up the democratic steps before the general elections in 1931 and implemented the policy of non-Muslim candidates and independent deputies. Although the independent deputies are given the role of partially guided opposition to the government, the main aim is to represent the citizens of the Republic of Turkey with different feelings and thoughts in the parliament. This study covers the life and activities of Samuel Abravaya Marmaralı, who was an independent deputy from Niğde as the representative of the Jews in the 1935 and 1939 elections during the Atatürk period.