Özet:

Petroleum is a very important strategic item in terms of economy and defense in the world and in our country. Oil exploration studies in the modern sense all over the world dates back to the 1850s. In 1859, Europe's raw material production reached thirty-six thousand. The majority of this was provided from Galicia and Romania. The start of oil exploration in Turkey also coincided with the last period of the Ottoman Empire. The first oil exploration activities carried out in our country started in 1890 in Chengen near Alexanderun. In 1898, traces of oil were found around Mürefte and Gaziköy (Ganos) in Thrace. and II. During the Abdulhamit period, oil exploration activities intensified in Hatay Chengen region. The oil samples extracted were analyzed on 17 July 1887 in Istanbul by chemist Moreau. In August 1887, Grand Vizier Kamil Pasha was given a concession to Ahmet Necati regarding oil exploration conflicts. After the work done in some regions of Anatolia, oil exploration concentrated on the Mosul region in the beginning of 1914. In this context, the European Petroleum Company was granted an oil exploration around Mosul in 1914. In the same year, Standard Oil conducted a geological survey around Mürefte - Hoşköy. With the partnership of foreign companies, Turkish Petroleum Company was founded in 1914 and began to search for oil in Mosul. According to the San Remo agreement, which was signed as a result of political pressures at the end of the war, the participation rate was re-divided in the Iraqi Oil Company. Towards the end of the First World War, in the eastern provinces under Russian occupation, Stoyanoff, Meferd and Nalifkin started their oil exploration activities around the Court Hussein, Neftik Kurzot Hasankale, Pulk (Tercan), and Katranlı. During this period, some oil was tried to be extracted by the Russians in Hasankale. In addition, galleries were opened in Katranlı and Kurzot, and enough oil was obtained for the ships operating on Lake Van. With the law enacted, it took the right of the state to search and operate the mines to which all oil and oil compounds are subject within the borders of the country. The Republic of Turkey in Ankara in June 1926, the United Kingdom and Iraq agreement was signed between the governments of the Iraqi government Iraq will buy from another troupe will be formed and the oil troupe of 10% of revenues, he decided to leave in Turkey for 25 years long. oil shares in exchange for the additional material put England Agreement Turkey has offered to pay 500 thousand pounds. Oil exploration activities in the country started regularly on May 20, 1933. With the law regarding the Organization of Gold, Petroleum Exploration and Operation Administrations No. 2189 enacted on this date, studies continued around Baspirin in the province of Midyat. With the establishment of MTA on June 14, 1935, oil exploration works were linked to this institution. After this date, oil exploration continued in different parts of the country. Geological, geophysical surveys and drilling activities were carried out in Alexandru, Adana, Van and Thrace. (Alexander is one of the requirements as well as the Republic of Turkey Ottoman Empire sought by drilling the first oil field). As a result of the studies carried out, oil was found in the Raman-1 well in the south of Batman in 1940. Economically, oil was found in the Raman-8 well opened in 1945 According to the nationalization law enacted in 1926, the government was the sole owner of oil fields. This policy, which continued until the 1952s, began to change at the beginning of the 1950s. Oil extraction and disposal costs imposed a huge financial burden on the budget. In order to get rid of this financial here, efforts have been made to encourage foreign capital to come to the country. During this period, experts from western countries were asked by the Turkish government to search for oil resources. In the Democratic Party Period, with the decree no. The National Assembly of Turkey adopted 16 bills as law No. 626 on March 1954. The extracted law together to make oil exploration activities in Turkey and Turkey have been recognized certain rights to foreign companies. With regard to oil exploration activities in Turkey, especially western companies during the Democratic Party in Turkey had applied for oil exploration. After this law in Turkey, the first oil exploration permit Scolari took the Vacuum Oil Company. This company has been granted oil exploration in the seven regions in Turkey. Secondly, it was the Royal Dutch Shell Company. Until July 1954, the number of all foreign capital applications reached 200, including oil. On August 6, 1954, with the American company Cities Service Mid-East Oil Corporation Aveilen, the number of companies that applied for oil exploration reached six. Many companies applied to take advantage of the law As of December 15, 1957, the number of companies licensed for oil exploration in our country increased to 200 and the number of companies increased to 16. The number of companies applying for a search license for the first time was nine. The application of the companies in operation was 27. Work on the pipeline for the transportation of Iranian oil was ongoing. Geological activities for oil exploration increased by 20% compared to 1956 and reached 161. Drilling was continued in 1956, and newer drills were started in 41 regions. 10 new drilling machines were also in operation. In this period, the 1957 production of the oil office was 286,000 tons, belonging to the Garzan zone. As sales, 272 thousand tons of oil was launched. During this period, 487 foreign specialists came to participate in the oil studies. Foreign capital increased from £27.5 million until the end of 1956 to £70 million by the end of 1957.

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