Özet:

In this article, the use of the words racul/ricâl in the Qur'an has been researched from classical and modern tafsir and lexical sources. In our study, firstly, the etymology of the word racul is given. The words racul and the plural form ricâl, which are found in more than fifty places, are derived from the root "ر ـ ج ـ ل" in Arabic. Derived from this root, the word "racul", which means adult, grown man, human, resourceful, also means a person who is brave, valiant, has positive qualities befitting a human being, has virtue, is reliable, and competent. It is important to classify the subjects of the verses in which these words are used, to deal with them under a title and to make a semantic map of the words. It was thought that it would be appropriate to examine the words racul/ricâl under a separate title, since they are included in the field of Mubhamatu'l-Qur'an. Because, even if some adjectives are added to the words racul/ricâl from time to time, it is seen that they have a closed meaning in most places. In this context, the word racul is used as any person in the 37th verse of the chapter of Kahf: “Or you,” said his friend, who was talking to him, and said “Do you not believe in Allah, who created you from soil, then from nutfa (sperm) and then transformed you into a man (رَجُلٌ)?” In the Qur'an, the words racul/ricâl are also used to express a Muslim person. Regarding the witnesses who should be kept in the shopping; “…Have two witnesses from your men (مِنْ رِجَالِكُمْ). If two men (رَجُلَيْنِ) cannot be found, one of the witnesses you will consent to (رَجُلٌ) and two women - if one is wrong, the other to remind him-" is ordered. Here, the racul represents a Muslim person. Although angels are beings without masculinity or femininity, they are sometimes descended to earth in male form to perform their duties. As a matter of fact, the words of racul/ricâl in al-An'am sura 8-9 are used to point to the Prophets and angels: “What if an angel had been sent down on him! they said. If we had sent down an angel, of course, the work would have been completed and they would not have been given a respite. “If we had made the prophet an angel, we would certainly have made him in the form of a human (رَجُلًا) and we would have made them doubt that they were falling again.” In the Qur'an, the men of the jinn are expressed with the word ricâl and the words related to this issue are included in the sixth verse of the same name: “It is true that some people (رِجَالٌ) would take refuge in some of the jinn (men) (بِرِجَالٍ مِنَ الْجِنِّ) that they would increase their excesses.” The words racul/ricâl are also used in the sense of those who keep their promise to Allah and yearn for martyrdom, regardless of gender. In one of these verses, Allah Almighty states: Here are some of them who kept their promise and gave their lives on that way; some await (martyrdom). They have not changed (their words) in any way.” Racul is used to mean male persons in many verses. The words racul, raculayn, ricâl and imra’a appear side by side in the 282nd verse of Surah Baqarah: “…Have two witnesses among your men. If two men are not found, one of the witnesses you will consent to, and two women - if one is wrong, the other to remind him--" In this verse, all three forms are used as a mean of male, and the word imrae is used as a mean of female, and they are the opposite of each other in terms of gender. There are some people whom Allah praises in the Qur'an. These people are expressed with the word ricâl in three verses. In one of these verses, the word ricâl is mentioned as follows: “Never pray in it! Of course, it is more correct to pray in the mosque (Quba Masjid), which was built on taqwa from the first day. There are men (رِجَالٌ) who like to be cleaned in it. And Allah loves those who are very clean.” Although the phenomenon is expressed in terms of men in the verse, it is understood that it also includes women who fulfil their moral and material rights.

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