Özet:

The demographic transition process, as a theory, was written in USA after the Second World War, taking into account the high population growth rates of developing countries. The demographic transition process has stages. Population aging is a result of the demographic transition process. Population aging is the decrease in the share of children and youth in the population, and the relative increase in the share of older people. This phenomenon causes labor shortage, increase in health expenditures, weakening of the social security system. Many countries have chosen to use older people as a workforce by raising the retirement age. For example, it has been determined that the highest retirement age in OECD countries is 67 in Norway and the lowest retirement age is around 60 in Türkiye. In this study, the demographic transition process was investigated epistemologically, and the stages of the same process were handled according to the relatively new quinary model. Morever since population aging has emerged as a new problem in countries experiencing demographic transition, it has been researched what policies these countries follow to alleviate the effects of the aging problem. Population data for the country, region and the world were obtained from the statistics of the “United Nations Department Of Economic And Social Affairs” (UN-DESA). Data on the retirement age of OECD countries are compiled from the OECD reports “Pensions at a glance 2017: OECD and G20 indicators” and "Pensions at a glance 2021: OECD and G20 indicators" published by the OECD. The data for Türkiye are based on the statistics of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT=TÜİK). The life expectancy projections for selected countries and the world until 2100 were accessed from the UN's UN-DESA, 2022 data and the report titled “World population prospects: the 2017 revision”.

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