Abstract:

Vaccination is the second most important method after access to clean water that reduces the burden of infectious diseases. The effectiveness of the vaccine varies among individuals. The fact that microbiota has many roles in the development of the immune system has suggested that it may play a role in vaccine effectiveness. In this review, we aimed to summarize publications about the effects of microbiota on vaccine responses. Some studies have shown that different members of the intestinal microbiota have a systemic effect by regulating the development of certain immune cell segments. In addition, the results of the studies suggest that microbiota deterioration may be effective on the lower effectiveness of vaccines in developing countries than developed countries. Although many studies showed that serum antibodies increased after the application of probiotics, these responses were not significantly higher than the placebo controls. Some probiotics show specific effects for a vaccine but have been ineffective for others. In human studies, the effect of prebiotic use on vaccine effectiveness has not been demonstrated. Due to the central role of microbiota in the development of the immune system, it is common for the microbiota to have an impact on the effectiveness of the vaccine. However, there are few data to date. Although the studies summarized here indicate a certain degree of vaccine-microbiota relationship, further studies are needed.

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