Özet:

Intellectual disability is a multifaceted and complex condition characterized by significant deficits in both mental functioning and adaptive behavior, including daily social and practical skills, and significant limitations in adaptive behavior. Individuals with intellectual disabilities may be inadequate in terms of physical, cognitive and social development compared to their other peers. To systematically review the scientific evidence for the effects of exercise programs designed to improve physical fitness in adults with intellectual disabilities. This study is a systematic review and was carried out by searching English indexes from Pubmed, Web of Science and EBSCOhost databases between January 2010-May 2020. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) provided a guide for guiding the research and writing the research report. A total of 8 studies were included in the study. When the physical fitness results related to health are examined, it is seen that there are no significant effects on body composition data It has been reported that there are significant changes in cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory fitness, motor skills and metabolic fitness. Physical activity and combined (strength and aerobic) exercise designed for healthy living are the most frequently recommended programs. There is scientific evidence of beneficial effects on cardiovascular, cardiorespiratory fitness and motor skills in adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability. However, there is a need for more studies focusing on the effect of exercise practices on the body composition of this population and increasing the commitment to exercise by making exercise enjoyable as well as alternative applications.

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