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Simmel modernitenin sosyologu olarak bilinir. Metropol yaşamı düşüncelerini derinden etkilemiştir. Modernitenin birey üzerindeki sarsıcı etkilerini tartışması açısından psikoloji ve sosyal psikolojinin de öncüleri arasında sayılır. Modern toplumu, inanç ve kültürel oluşum dinamikleriyle analiz etme başarısı göstermiştir. Ona göre modernite çoğu tespitlerinde hep bireyin ruhsal yapısının önemi üzerinde durmuştur. Din, ona göre bireyin içsel yaşamında etkin yeri olan ve toplumu oluşturan temel yapı taşlarından biridir. Bugüne kadar kimsenin, örtük söylemler ileri sürmeden, anlaşılmayan genellemelere gitmeksizin “din nedir” sorusuna tam açıklayıcı cevap bulamadığını ileri sürer. Simmel’e göre din ve dindarlık arasındaki ayırım esastır. Din dindarlığı değil, dindarlık dini oluşturur. Bununla birlikte, Simmel’in din ve dindarlık kavramlarını anlamada iki zorlukla karşılaşırız. Birincisi, Simmel’in din anlayışında başlangıçta önemli yer tutan sosyolojik kavramlar zamanla felsefi kavramlarla karıştırılmıştır. İkincisi ise, Simmel “Din” kavramını bazen dar anlamda bazen de geniş anlamda kullanmıştır. Dar anlamda, günlük dilde anlaşıldığı şekliyle kurumsal, tarihi din ya da aşkın inançların bir muhtevası olarak ve bu haliyle dindarlığın da karşıtı biçiminde kullanılmıştır. Geniş anlamda ise, tarihi bir kurumla aynı anlama gelmeyen bir fenomen olarak düşünülmüş, bireyler arası etkileşime dayalı ilişkilerin atfedildiği bir anlam sistemi olarak görülmüştür. Bu çalışma, Simmel’in eserleri başta olmak üzere, ilgili literatüre dayalı deskriptif bir çalışmadır.
Simmel is known as the sociologist of modernity. Metropol has profoundly influenced their thoughts on life. In terms of discussing the tremendous effects of modernity on the individual, it is also among the pioneers of psychology and social psychology. It has shown success in analyzing modern society with the dynamics of beliefs and cultural formation. According to him, modernity has always focused on the importance of the individual’s spiritual structure in most discoveries. Religion is, according to it, one of the basic structural stones that has an effective place in the individual’s inner life and that forms society. So far, no one has found a complete explanatory answer to the question "what is religion" without promoting covered speeches, without going to incomprehensible generalizations. According to Simmel, the difference between religion and religion is essential. Religion is not religion, but religion is religion. However, we face two difficulties in understanding Simmel's concepts of religion and religion. First, sociological concepts, which at the beginning took an important place in Simmel's religious understanding, have been mixed with philosophical concepts over time. Secondly, Simmel used the concept of "religion" sometimes in a narrow sense and sometimes in a broad sense. In the narrow sense, it has been used as an assembly of institutional, historical or love beliefs, as it is understood in the daily language, and in this way it is also used in the opposite form of religion. In a broad sense, it was considered a phenomenon that does not mean the same as a historical institution, a meaning system that attributes relationships based on inter-individual interaction. This work is a descriptive work based on the relevant literature, including Simmel's works primarily.
Although Georg Simmel is considered one of the classical sociologists of the period, no one can deny that he is at the forefront of the founders of modern sociology. Simmel states that modernity is a different way of experiencing the world and it is not only an internal reaction to the world, also it is an experience of the world we live in, reduced to our spirit world. When considering the processes that make up society, he takes into consideration different sections from his contemporaries. Instead of directly defining and explaining the concepts of 'society' and 'individual'; he has made serious studies that reveal the types of interactions and social types that make up the processes that affect the society without ignoring all the sections and even the smallest particles that make up daily life. The focus of his work is on socialization (Vergesellschaftung) instead of society. Simmel's basic sociological view is the effort to evaluate social dynamics through different cross-sections has spread to a wide range from interaction types to controversy of conflict, from modernity and religion debates to philosophy of money. Instead of a philosophical analysis, he has brought a sociological perspective. Thus, he has clearly succeeded in analyzing modern society with the dynamics of belief and cultural formation. In his sincere determinations, he has always emphasized the importance of the individual's spiritual structure. Religion, according to him, is one of the fundamental particles that have an effective place in the inner life of the individual and constitutes the society. Simmel argues that no one has ever been able to find a complete explanatory answer to the question of what is religion without implicit rhetoric or without going to incomprehensible generalizations. Simmel states that religion cannot free itself from superstition and the uncertainty remains. According to Simmel, the ambiguity which surrounds the origin and nature of religion will never be removed so long as we insist upon approaching the problem as on for which a single word will be the “open sesame”.
Alan : İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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