Özet:

In this study, the relations of state and religion in Islamic political history were tried to be examined from a general perspective. As it is known, for the first time, Muslims became a state owner with the Hijra from Mekka to Medina. The first president of this state was Prophet Mohammed. In the next historical period, the caliphs came to the presidency. Each period had its own conditions. For example, the method followed in the determination of the first four caliphs was different from the Umayyad method. From the Umayyads, an approach dominating the sultanate direction was based. This approach was later seen in the Abbasids, Seljuks and Ottomans. In this context, it is discussed whether Prophet Mohammed the religion brought to people has a political dimension and he left a state order after his death. In the study, the relations between religion and state were discussed within the framework of historical data and the reflection of these data on Islamic society was tried to put into a theoretical pattern from a macrosociological perspective. In the context of this framework, the approaches of Maurice Barbier, who made a classification based on the history of the relations between religion and state in the Western world, were taken into consideration. Thus, the events in the history of Islam were tried to be classified.

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