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Seyahat, insanlara geniş bir dünyanın kapılarını açar; çünkü sürekli aynı yerde yaşamak, insanları bir mekân kuşatmasının içerisine alır. Bu şekilde yaşayan insanlar, bütün dünyayı kendi yaşadıkları çevreden ibaret sanarak bir körleşmeyle yüz yüze kalırlar. Böylelerinin bilgilerinden, konuşmalarından ziyade, gezip görmüş insanların anlattıkları, daha ilgi çekici gelir çevresindekilere. Dünyanın bilinmeyen noktalarını keşfetmek her toplum için bir merak unsuru olsa da zamanla Batı dünyası, bu alanda büyük bir üstünlük yakalar ve uzak ülkelerden seyyahlar, yanlarında kıymetli bilgilerle dönerler “öteki” hakkında. Her seyyahın anlattıkları, diğer maceraperestlerin aklına seyahat etme arzusunu düşürür. Böylece kara veya deniz yolu ile çok sayıda seyyah yollara çıkar farklı kültürlerin sihirli yaşamlarını ve coğrafyalarını keşfetmek için. Fakat başlangıçta masumane bir keşif arzusuyla başlayan seyahatler, 18 ve 19. yüzyıllarda şekil değiştirmeye başlar. Seyahat masum bir eylem olmaktan çıkarak elde edilen bilgiler sayesinde ötekine hükmetme vasıtası haline gelir, daha da ileri gidilerek diğer kültürlere ait birçok değer yerlerinden edilerek Batı’ya taşınır. Seyahatlerin onlara sunduğu imkânlar sayesinde dünyanın diğer bölgelerindeki ülkelerle aralarındaki gelişmişlik farklarını kendi lehlerine arttırarak 19. yüzyılla birlikte zirveye ulaşırlar. Yerkürenin önemli coğrafyalarını ellerinde bulunduran Osmanlı ülkesi de uzun süredir ilgi alanlarındadır; ama artarak devam eden bu ilgi Osmanlının zayıf olduğu 19. yüzyılda kendisini daha fazla hissettirir. Artık İstanbul ve imparatorluğun diğer önemli bölgeleri amaçları sadece seyahat olmayan seyyahların akınına uğrar. Bu çalışmada; başlangıçta yüzyıllara göre amaçları ve şekli değişerek günümüze kadar devam eden Avrupa Seyahat Edebiyatı hakkında temel bilgiler verilecek, sonra da 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısında, Yunan İsyanı ve Tanzimat süreci gibi önemli dönemlerde, Osmanlı coğrafyasında bulunarak gözlemlerinden oluşan dört ciltlik kitap yazan C. Mac Farlane’in eserlerinde, Türk, Rum, Ermeni ve Yahudi toplumlarına yaklaşımı ve onları nasıl yansıttığı üzerinde durulacaktır.
Travelling opens the doors of a wide world to the people as living constantly in the same place makes people get stuck in an area. People who live in this way are blind to this, thinking that the whole world is similar to their surroundings. Rather than what these people know and talk about, those around are more interested in what the ones who have travelled to a lot of places tell. Although exploring the unknown corners of the world has been attractive for all communities, the Western world had been ahead of and thus more advantageous than the others in this and travellers from remote countries turned back with valuable information about "the other". What each traveller told made other adventurers wish to travel. Therefore, many travellers set out and travelled by land or sea to explore the magic lives and geographies of different cultures. However, travel that had started over a naive desire for exploration, began to change in the 18th and 19th centuries. Travelling was not just for adventure anymore but became a way of dominating the other and a way of bringing most of the values belonging to other cultures to the West. Thanks to the opportunities travelling offered, they developed more than the countries in the other parts of the world and reached their peak in the nineteenth century. The Ottoman Empire which possessed and controlled important parts of the world had long attracted the attention of the Europeans; however, this growing interest towards the Ottoman Empire was felt more and more in the nineteenth century, when the Ottomans were the weakest. Now Istanbul and the other important regions of the Empire were flooded by travellers who had other purposes than just traveling. In this study, firstly some basic information about European Travel Writing which has survived up to the present day changing its goals and shape throughout the centuries will be given. Then, how C. Mac Farlane, who wrote a four-volume book out of his observations in the Ottoman territories during important periods such as the Greek Rebellion and the "tanzimat" reform era, reflects and approaches the Turkish, Greek, Armenian and the Jewish societies will be studied.
Travelling opens the doors of a wide world to the people as living constantly in the same place makes people get stuck in an area. People who live in this way are blind to this, thinking that the whole world is similar to their surroundings. Rather than what these people know and talk about, those around are more interested in what the ones who have travelled to a lot of places tell. Although exploring the unknown corners of the world has been attractive for all communities, the Western world had been ahead of and thus more advantageous than the others in this and travellers from remote countries turned back with valuable information about “the other”. What each traveller told made other adventurers wish to travel. Therefore, many travellers set out and travelled by land or sea to explore the magic lives and geographies of different cultures. However, journeys which had started over a naive desire for exploration, started to change in the 18th and 19th centuries. Travelling was not just for adventure anymore but became a way of dominating the other and a way of bringing most of the values belonging to other cultures to the West. Thanks to the opportunities travelling offered, they developed more than the countries in the other parts of the world and reached their peak in the nineteenth century. The Ottoman Empire which possessed and controlled important parts of the world had long attracted the attention of the Europeans; however, this growing interest towards the Ottoman Empire was felt more and more in the nineteenth century, when the Ottomans were the weakest. Now Istanbul and the other important regions of the Empire were flooded by travellers who had other purposes than just traveling. In this study, firstly some basic information about European Travel Writing which has survived up to the present day changing its aims and shape throughout the centuries will be given. Then, how C. Mac Farlane, who wrote a four-volume book out of his observations in the Ottoman territories during important periods such as the Greek Rebellion and the “tanzimat” reform era, reflects and approaches the Turkish, Greek, Armenian and the Jewish societies will be studied.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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