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Küreselleşme ve dijitalleşmenin sürekli ve hızlı bir şekilde arttığı ekosistemde ülkeler teknoloji, sanayi, yatırım, eğitim gibi birçok konuda sürekli gelişim ve değişim içerisindedir. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan toplam 19 ülke ve Avrupa Birliği Komisyonundan oluşan G20, ülke ekonomilerinin gelişmesi, planlı ve tutarlı bir şekilde ilerlemesi, ekonomik faktörlerin etkin bir şekilde kullanımı ve bu sayede sürdürülebilir bir şekilde kalkınmak için bir araya gelerek fikirlerini paylaşmakta ve ortak politikalar geliştirmektedirler. 12 Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wuhan eyaletinde ilk defa görülen ve dünya geneline hızla yayılan ve ekonomileri derinden sarsan Koronavirüs salgını, ülkelerin kendi içine kapanması nedeniyle ekonomik faaliyetleri yavaşlatmış ve bu durum en çok işsizlikte etkisini göstermiştir. İşsizlik, ülkelerin karşı karşıya kaldığı ve çözümü için üzerinde durduğu en önemli ekonomik problemlerden biridir. Bu sebeple, bu araştırmada 2000 yılından günümüze kadar yıllık bazda dünya ekonomisinin üçte ikisinden fazlasını oluşturan G20 üyesi ülkelerin işsizlik oranını etkileyen, tarımın GSYH içindeki payı, enflasyon oranı, ithalat ve ihracat oranları panel veri analizi yöntemi ile test edilmiştir. Hausman testine göre modelin tesadüfi etkiler modeline uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bunu takiben varsayımlar test edilerek, modelde heteroskedastisite, otokorelasyon ve birimler arası korelasyonun var olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu üç durumu düzelten Driscoll-Kraay testi ile nihai model elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre, işsizlik oranının tarımın GSYH içindeki payı ile ihracat oranlarından aynı yönde etkilendiği ve enflasyon oranı ile ithalat oranlarından ters yönlü etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir.
In the ecosystem where globalization and digitalization are constantly and rapidly growing, countries are in constant development and change in many areas, such as technology, industry, investment, education. The G20, which consists of a total of 19 developed and developing countries and the European Commission, gathers together to share their ideas and develop joint policies in order to promote the development of the country’s economies, to progress in a planned and consistent way, to efficiently use economic factors and thus to sustainably develop. The coronavirus epidemic, which was first seen in China’s Wuhan state on December 12, 2019 and rapidly spread throughout the world and deeply shocked the economies, slowed economic activities due to the country’s closure into its own, and this situation most affected the unemployment. Unemployment is one of the most important economic problems that countries face and stand on to solve. That’s why this The study tested the share of agriculture in GDP, inflation rate, import and export rate, which influenced the unemployment rate of the G20 countries, representing more than two-thirds of the world economy annually from 2000 to today, using the panel data analysis method. The Hausman test found that the model coincided with the model of random effects. Following this, the assumptions were tested and the conclusion was that the model had heterocedesticity, autocorrelation and inter-units correlation. The final model was obtained with the Driscoll-Kraay test that corrected these three conditions. The study found that the unemployment rate was affected in the same direction as the share of agriculture in GDP and the export rate and the inflation rate and the import rate were reverse.
In an ecosystem where globalization and digitalization constantly and rapidly increase, countries constantly develop and change in many subjects like technology, industry, education, climate change, sustainable investment. Group of 20 that comprises developed and developing 19 countries and European Comission, get together and share ideas and develop shared policies so that the economies can develop, progress in a planned and consistent manner, the economic factors are used effectively and thus develop sustainably. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic which emerged in the Wuhan city of China for the first time in December 12, 2019 and which has rapidly spread all around the world and profoundly shaken the economies has slowed down the economic activities as countries have withdrawn, which has had an impact on employment the most. Unemployment is one of the most important economic problems which the countries face and focus on the most to resolve. Therefore in this research, the share of agriculture, which affects the unemployment rates of the G20 member countries constituting more than two thirds of the world economy on an annual basis since 2000, within GPD, the inflation rate, import and export rates have been tested using the panel data analysis method. It has been concluded that the model fit the random effects model according to the Hausman test. Following that the assumptions were tested, and it was concluded that the model had heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and interunit correlation. The final model was obtained with the Driscoll-Kraay test, which corrected all three. According to the findings achieved with this model, it was determined that the unemployment rate was affected by agriculture’s share within the GDP in the same way as the export rates and that it was affected reversely by the inflation rate and the import rates.
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