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İdealizm ile Gerçekçilik Arasında Hanefî Siyaset ve Şeriat Görüşü: Hasîrî’nin Hissî ve Dinî Siyaset Anlayışı: (Siyasa ad-diniyye al-‘uzma ve siyasa al-hissiyye al-‘uzma)
2020
Journal:  
İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi
Author:  
Abstract:

İslam fıkıh geleneğinin siyaset kavramına bakışı konusunda yapılan çalışmalar genellikle el-ahkamü's-sultaniyye ve es-siyasetü'ş-şer'iyye eserleri üzerinden yapılmakta ve kelam-fıkıh bakış açıları bu çerçevede ele alınmaktadır. Modern İslamcı siyaset anlayışının kapsayıcı siyaset anlayışının etkisiyle ulemanın siyaset üzerine yazıları daha çok İbn Teymiyyeci bakış açısını öne çıkarmış durumdadır. Hanefi siyaset anlayışının bu denklemde nerede durduğu ile ilgili çok fazla çalışma yapılmış değildir. Bunun bir nedeni Hanefi siyaset anlayışının daha çok 16. yüzyıl sonrası Osmanlı alimlerinin siyaset-i şer'iye edebiyatına yazılarıyla katılmalarıdır. Daha eski siyaset yazıları, özellikle mezhebin kurumsal ve kavramsal olgunluğunu elde ettiği Maveraünnehir dönemi yazıları hem sayı olarak çok az hem de kapsamlı bir değerlendirmeyi hakedecek ayrıntılardan uzaktır. 6./12. yüzyıl Buhara Hukuk Okulu fakihlerinden el-Hasiri'nin el-Havi adlı vakıat türündeki çalışması önsüzünde kısa ama oldukça anlatıcı bir siyaset kavramsallaştırmasına imza atmıştır. Siyaset-i diniye ve siyaset-i hissiye kavramları üzerinden Buhara Hanefi Hukuk Okulunun siyaset anlayışını açıklayan Hasiri şeriatla siyasetin alanlarını çizmeye çalışmıştır. Bu yazı fıkıh geleneğindeki farklı siyaset-şeriat kavramsallaştırmalarını verdikten sonra Hasiri'nin görüşlerini genel Hanefi siyaset çerçevesini ortaya koyan bir örnek olarak ele almaktadır. Abstract Modern studies on the concept of siyasa in Islamic legal tradition have usually taken the works of al-Ahkam al-sultaniyya by al-Mawardi and as-Siyasa al-shar‘iyya by Ibn Taymiyya as points of reference in that kalam-fiqh conceptions of siyasa were more or less shaped under the influences of these two classical works. What is more, Ibn Taymiyyan influence in the all-inclusive view of modern Islamist idea of politics is very obvious. The Hanafi juristic idea of siyasa drew less attention compared to Shafi‘i and Hanbali ideas probably due to the scarcity of the works of Hanafi jurists on siyasa until the 16th century Ottoman jurists’ participation in the as-siyasa ash-shar‘iyya literature. During the Bukharan period of Hanafi school the jurists wrote little on siyasa one of the rare examples was provided by a a 6th/12th century jurist, al-Hasiri, who in his work in waqi‘at genre titled al-Hawi, in a very concise introduction provided an interesting conception of siyasa as related to law (shari‘a). This study will first summarize the juristic views of siyasa in order to compare with the Hanafi view as expounded by al-Hasiri.

Keywords:

The Hanafi View Of Siyasa and Sharia Between Idealism and Realism: Al-hasiri’s Conception Of Temporal and Religious Politics: (siyasa Ad-diniyya Al-‘uzma and Siyasa Al-hissiyya Al-‘uzma)
2020
Author:  
Abstract:

Politics or siyasa as used in classical legal terminology has multiple senses. First, siyasa was understood by the Hanafi and other jurists as an aggravated law (shar‘ mughallaz), usually used in the context of punishment that requires a stronger stance. However, it is well known that this usage was not the only one; in another usage the word denotes rulings issued by the sovereign and his official representatives for the practice of governance or statecraft. From the second use of this term stems yet another, third meaning. This is the more familiar usage in terms of politics more generally or political theory. The use of the term in this sense had already been adopted by al-Farabi and others when translating Greek writings on political theory. It can be argued that ahkam as-sultaniyya or as-siyasa ash-shar‘iyya-type works combine three senses of this term. The Hanafi jurists kept the word siyasa to mean a heavy punishment to be inflicted by the ruler, and they were not greatly interested in developing a political theory. The very absence of political theory in this school seems to be significant, although they naturally had ideas on justice (‘adala) and criticized the rulers on the basis of them. One rare mention of siyasa as politics or political philosophy in the Hanafi legal tradition in the classical period is in one of the authoritative fatawa works of this school: al-Havi of al-Hasiri. The work of Hasiri is very insightful into Hanafi political theory. Hasiri is an exception because his work strangely openly talks about siyasa. Siyasa is legitimized through a state-of-nature/survival argument, necessary in itself.

Keywords:

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İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi

Field :   İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler

Journal Type :   Ulusal

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Article : 274
Cite : 184
İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi