Özet:

The objective of the study is to explore the relationship between CO2 emissions (CO2), energy consumption and commercial transparency in the six Middle East OPEC countries (Iran, Iraq, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait). For this purpose, the long-term and short-term effects of CO2 emissions, energy consumption and commercial transparency have been studied. The panel data for the period 2003-2014 was used in the study. The panel analytics used the ARDL-Haved Medium Group (PMG) predictor. The causality relationship between the variables was then tested with the Panel Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). According to the study, i) the energy consumption ratio is statically meaningful and positive only in the long term, and the commercial transparency ratio is statically meaningful and negative in the long term, while statically meaningful and positive in the short term; ii) the short-term causal analysis has identified only the one-way causal relationship from energy consumption to CO2 emissions. For a long time, there has been a two-way causal relationship between CO2 emissions and commercial transparency and energy consumption, while between energy consumption and commercial transparency.

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