Özet:

The First World War between the Allied States and the Allied States, which began in August 1914, ended with the cessation treaties signed by the Allied States of Bulgaria on 28 September by the Ottoman State on 30 October, by the Austrian-Hungarian Empire on 3 November and finally by the German Empire on 11 November. A few days after the Mondros Treaty, the Navy of the Opposition States arrived in the Çanakkale Gulf and in November 13 Istanbul was actually occupied. Also, the British occupied Mosul, Urfa, Antep, Maraş, Batum and Kars; the French occupied Dörtyol, Mersin, Pozantı, Adana; the Italians occupied Antalya, Kuşadası, Fethiye, Bodrum and Marmaris. After these occupations, Izzet Pasha was withdrawn from Sadrazamlı and was replaced by Damat Ferit Pasha Sadrazam. For the peace treaty that should be concluded after each cessation treaty, negotiations began in Paris on 18 January 1919 with the participation of representatives of the victorious and defeated states. Twenty-two countries participated in the peace talks. At the conference, the opposition states have decided to comply with the secret agreements they have signed between them prior to war and during war. While Britain and France are trying to prevent the United States from being active in these talks, they have revealed the war repair, and the mandate system instead of colonialism, instead of the war compensation contained in the Wilson Principles, in order to avoid defeating with the United States. The U.S. has lowered its relations with European countries after the conference due to its attitudes. While the conference is preparing the draft of peace agreements to be made with Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria, the situation of the Ottoman State is left further because Russia was withdrawn from the war in 1917. The Armenian representatives who attended the conference for the first time expressed the idea of the establishment of an independent Armenian State in Eastern Anadolu. The British and French proposals to bring the Greeks to the island and its surroundings were accepted. On May 15, 1919, the Greek army invaded Izmir and began to advance from three cords to the inner areas. On May 16, 1919, the Ottoman Padişah VI took place due to the rebellions in Samsun and the airport. 9 by Mehmet Vahdettin. Mustafa Kemal, who was appointed as the Army Inspector, departed from Istanbul with the Bandırma vapor and arrived in Samsun on May 19, 1919. Mustafa Kemal has already moved to the internal regions in the framework of his previous plans on May 28 Havza Declaration, on June 22 Amassia General. In accordance with this general agreement, the Erzurum Congress was gathered in the region and national decisions were taken in the meeting. The Sivas Congress will be held in September. It is at this time that the government of Istanbul has appointed Elazığ Governor Ali Galip Mr. in order to prevent such a national congress. In this study, Turkish and German sources were used which were first written on these activities, including Nutuk. The research was conducted using the document analysis technique within the research design. The findings obtained have been assessed by content analysis. The study is qualified to contribute to the area in terms of its use in German sources.

Özet:

World War I, which started in August 1914 between the Allied Powers and Alliance States, Bulgaria from the Alliance States on 28 September, the Ottoman Empire on 30 October, Austria-Hungary Empire on 3 November and finally Germany It ended with the ceasefire treaties signed by the Empire on 11 November. A few days after the Armistice of Mondros, the Entente Navy came to the Dardanelles and on 13 November Istanbul was actually occupied. In addition, the British Mosul, Urfa, Antep, Maras, Batumi and Kars; The French were Dörtyol, Mersin, Pozantı, Adana; Italians occupied Antalya, Kusadasi, Fethiye, Bodrum and Marmaris. Following these occupations, İzzet Pasha was withdrawn from the Grand Vizierate and replaced by Damat Ferit Pasha as Grand Vizier. For the peace treaty to be held after each ceasefire agreement, negotiations began with the participation of the winners and defeated states in Paris on January 18, 1919. Thirty-two states participated in the peace talks. In the conference, the Entente Powers decided to comply with the secret treaties that they had signed during the war and during the war. While Britain and France were trying to prevent the US from being active in these negotiations, they did not replace the US with the US War. The US has reduced its relations with European states after the conference due to the attitudes here. In the conference, while drafting the understandings of peace with Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria, the state of the Ottoman Empire was left to be more advanced as Russia withdrew from the war in 1917. The Armenian representatives who participated in the conference expressed the idea of establishing an independent Armenian State in Eastern Anatolia for the first time. The proposal of Britain and France to expel soldiers to Izmir and its surroundings was accepted. The Greek army then invaded İzmir on May 15, 1919 and began to move from three branches to the inner regions. On May 16, 1919, the Ottoman Sultan Sultan VI. Mehmet Kemal Vahdettin was appointed as the 9th Army Inspector by Mustafa Kemal from Istanbul, on May 19, 1919. Mustafa Kemal had moved to the inner regions within the framework of his previous plans and issued the Basin Declaration on 28 May and the Amasya Circular on 22 June. In line with this circular, Erzurum Congress was gathered regionally and national decisions were taken at the meeting. Then in September, Sivas National Congress will be held. At this time, in order to prevent such a national congress from being organized, the Government of Istanbul appointed the Governor of Elazığ Ali Galip Bey. In this study, Turkish and German sources on these activities, mainly Nutuk, were used. The research was carried out by using the document analysis technique within the qualitative research design. The results were evaluated by content analysis. The study will contribute to the field in terms of use of German resources.

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