Özet:

The differences between the concepts of civil society that represent the interstructures between the state and the individual and the state that determine the transition of power to institutionalization have been explained in historical and theoretical processes with or completely different perspectives. The thought foundations on the distinction of the two concepts rely on the natural law theorists. The essence of the difference between the two concepts depends on economic developments. The first people to think about this approach are also classical economic politicians. While the economy is positive in this thought, politics and state are criticized. For Hegel, who is influenced by the political thought of the classical economy but opposedly offers a critical assessment of civil society, the state’s civil society bits a state-centered viewpoint. The civil society, which was perceived as a bourgeois society until Marx, began to be perceived more widely, along with Marx. Marx puts the civil society in the structure, the state in the upper society. In Gramsci, the structure-over-structure distinction is also a matter of the way that follows Marx, but in contrast to Gramsci Marx, civil society is perceived as a part of the upper structure, which differentiates the definitions of civil society of both thinkers. Bob Jessop, who was influenced by Gramsci's historical block theory and formed his thoughts on the civil society's state duality in this framework, described the state as a form created by hegemonic projects and accumulation strategies, expressing that there is no state outside the state formed by a civil society and a state outside the civil society.