Özet:

The Evidentiality modal, which is described as linguistically marking the source of the information expressed in the utterance, differs from one language to another in terms of typology and semantic content. The analysis of the questionnaires (implemented with Japanese and Turkish speakers in order to determine the forms used in various contexts in which the source of information differs) shows that the evidentiality has been marked in both languages. In addition to this, in view of both typology and semantic content, it has been found out that the evidentiality presents remarkable differences in these two languages. In the sense of typology, the evidentiality in Turkish which is marked with morphemes in limited numbers of different categories (ø, –DI, -mIş, -mIştIr, -mIş olmalı), has been grammaticalized and appears as mostly obligatory grammatical category. In Japanese, it has been seen that the evidentiality has not been grammaticalized. Hence, it has been marked with lots of modal word and particles. In addition, the plenitude of the forms, which have been recommended for the same context, refers to the fact that the usage of them is optional. It has been understood that, in the sense of semantic content, the evidentiality which the traditional grammar restricts with the reduplication “görülen geçmiş/duyulan geçmiş (simple past/past perfect)”, is much more extensive in both Turkish and Japanese, moreover, even little details related to the source of information can cause morphological changes.

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