Özet:

The nation states have adopted and then used different administration systems in the twentieth century with modernization process due to the requirements of the changing world conditions and internal political structures. Regimes in which the sovereignty is used formally and / or formally and literally in the name of the people are generally accepted in the form of Parliamentary Government, Parliamentary, Semi-presidential and Presidential Regimes. These regimes are also called "Contemporary Political Regimes". Parliamentary regimes are implemented in the republic in which the president of the state is elected indirectly or directly by the people, as it is practiced in the constitutional monarchies in which the president does not come through election. The parliamentary government system is a system of government in which legislative and executive forces are separated from one another in a "soft" way. In this system, legislative and executive authorities are ordinarily given to two separate bodies, but these bodies are not completely independent of each other. According to the constitutional provisions, it is possible to define Italy as a unitary state with decentralization elements of political administration and management within it. There are even those who define Italy as a “regionalized state”. Depending on the party and electoral systems, coalition governments emerged as one of the problems of legislative-dominant parliamentary systems when they did not have the majority of the single party. In addition to all of these, the notion of particracy is also used to characterize the Italian political system. The Constitution, which has shaped the Italian political system, also reflects the atmosphere of 1948 when it entered into force. The Constitution, which has been prepared in the understanding of the reaction against the Fascist Regime which has been left behind yet, aims at sharing the power among the greatest number of centers possible. Especially in countries such as Italy and Spain, which are affected by the economic crisis, economic problems can also bring about system discussions.

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