Özet:

Reading and listening to basic Turkish language skills. Both skills have a process of outward to inward processing, contrary to the outwardly intentional tendency of speaking and writing, which are speaking skills. Reading and listening can be considered as a language input, while reading and writing can be regarded as a language output. Listening is a social and contextual act. In recent years, important researches in psychology and education have been carried out in order to understand, to explain the understanding process and processes in detail and to reach the results of renewing the information about understanding. As a result of these researches, various understanding models have been developed which reveal the complexity of mental processes in the field of cognitive psychology. The constructivist approach emphasizes the development of individual language and mind skills. The understanding model is developed with various texts and enriched by continuous reading. The introduction of the same kind of text and authors of the pupil suggests that the understanding model is narrow and limited. A variety of texts and activities should be developed to help students improve their comprehension models. The constructivist approach emphasizes improving the understanding skills of the learners instead of understanding the text.

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