Özet:

Istanbul, one of the prominent metropolitans in Turkey and the world, has attracted a great deal of attention over its history. It is located between 28 degrees 01 minutes and 29 degrees 55 minutes East longitude and at 40 degrees 28 minutes and 41 degrees 33 minutes North latitude. It bridges the Asian and European Continents. The neighbouring territories are Tekirdag in the west, Kirklareli in the northwest, the Black Sea in the north, the Marmara Sea in the south and Kocaeli in the east. It has a favourable climate as a transition climatic region between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Migration and industrialization are two interrelated concepts. Rapid population growth has brought along transportation problems, unplanned education, urban sprawl, noise pollution, and health risks. Population pressure caused settlements to be built in the rural areas. As the population has increased, so has the industry-induced pollution. In Istanbul, where industrialization was first launched, technological investments and increasing population give harm to natural environment. Concretization is on the run day by day. Istanbul, whose history dates back to very early ages, has been a significant economic centre since then due to its geographical location. The first industrialization movements in Istanbul were launched around Golden Horn (Feshane and dock environs), Beykoz (paper factory) and Bakirkoy (iron factory and print works). According to 2011 figures, industrial activities in Marmara Region account for 52% of the total industrial movements. Istanbul constitutes the largest share both in the region and in Turkey. Istanbul holds the 32% of the work places, 24% of the workers and 33.8% of the investment incentive certificates in Turkey. Istanbul produces 23% of added value, 49% of the import and 45% of the export.

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