Özet:

Hellenistic-Roman artifacts adorn the ancient city of Knidos which has left many remains as an important culture, art, religion and trade center. Knidos which suffered attacts by the Persians in 6th century BC has undergone a period that can be considered “golden age” in 4th century BC due to being as a member Attica-Delos maritime union and later, according to Pliny in AD 45, had the title as “free city”. Early in 4th century AD under Byzantine rule, they reached back to a welfare period which lasted until the 12th century AD, but due to declining security in coastal settlement areas the city Knidos was gradually abandoned. Today in Knidos, ruins of Dionysus Terrace and Temple, Stoa, Apollon Carneios Sacred Site its Temple and Altar, Rounded Temple and Terrace, Demeter Sanctuary, Little Theatre, Odeon, Bouleuterion, “D” church section, can still be determined. The geology around Knidos consists of Kayaköy Dolomite of the Bodrum Nappe, Sarıabat Member of the Göçgediği Formation, Limestone Member of the Karaböğürtlen Formation with Orhaniye Formation belonging Gulbahar Nappe, Marmaris peridotite of the Marmaris Ophiolite Nappe, Yıldırım Formation, Kos-Nisyros volcanic rock units. Mineralogical-petrographical investigations were carried out on 24 building block and mortar-plaster samples which represent various structures in this study. As a result, it was concluded that geographicalgeological factors played an important role in the city location selection, also within the building materials from rock formations in the region were used, and finally that the volcanic rocks are a result of the eruption in Kos-Nisyros Island bottom pumice unit by the 25th century BC, the upper pumice unit 15th century BC .

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