Özet:

Is it possible in terms of universal ethics? As it is obvious in the title, we present here the moral philosophy of Kant who seeks for a universal, an objective and a de facto ethics understanding. Having an aim of reaching to certainty in ethics, just as he has achieved in knowledge, Kant is in search of a universal ethics that is actually mind ethics. In the establishment of this kind of ethics, the fundamental elements, here, are the concepts of good will, unconditional imperative (category imperative; moral law), freedom, duty and obligation. Kant wants to determine the moral principles specifying how we should act and to create a world that enables to perform those principles. Therefore, he desires to reach the certainty in ethics, just as he did in knowledge, through moral principles that he considers as absolute. With this aim in mind, he seeks to prove that the axioms in ethics are a priori just like the axioms in physics and mathematics. In this way, he degrades the problem of quality of ethics to the problem of the axioms of ethics. He harps that we cannot analyze the problem of what ethics is about unless investigating the problem of the quality of axioms. According to Kant, axioms of ethics can be degraded to only one axiom whose reality is accepted by everyone. He expresses this axiom, which he names as 'category imperative' or 'the code of ethics', through these words: "Acts as if the maximum of your action were to become through your will a universal law of nature."

Anahtar Kelimeler: