Özet:

The most important problem that emerged between Muslims since the first period of Islam has been the disagreement about the caliphate. Throughout the history of Islam the issue of caliphate has been the most controversial one causing fights. This issue has shaped the attitudes, ideas and views of certain creeds such as Shia, Khawarij, and Murji’a. In this article, firstly, the meaning of the concept of caliphate will be elaborated, and then the theory of caliphate of the Shia, Khawarij, and Murji’a sects will be summarized. Finally, the views regarding the caliphate of the Ahl al-Sunnah, Salafiyya, Ashariyya and Maturidiyya schools will be investigated.

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