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  Citation Number 4
 Views 97
 Downloands 43
İNSAN HAKLARI NOKTASINDAN TÜRK ANAYASA TARİHİNDE İKİ ARA KESİT: 1876 VE 1961 ANAYASALARI
2019
Journal:  
Paradigma: İktisadi ve İdari Araştırmalar Dergisi
Author:  
Abstract:

İnsan hakları ihlallerinin insanlık tarihi kadar eski olduğunu ifade edebiliriz. Hz. Adem’in çocuklarından Kabil’in Habil’i öldürmesiyle başlayan insan hakları ihlalleri günümüze kadar süregelmiştir. Fakat insanoğlu tarihinin hiçbir döneminde bu denli yaygın ve sistematik bir hak ihlaline maruz kalmamıştır. Sözlerin aciz kaldığı günümüz insan hakları ihlallerini, bu hakların savunucularının bizzat kendilerinin işlemeleri samimiyet testinin sonuçlarını ortaya koyması noktasında önemli verilerdir.    “İnsan özgür doğdu ve her yerde zincire vurulmuş bir durumda”  Dünyanın her yanında insan, en katıksız köleliğe gömülmüş durumda. Yumuşak ya da acımasız, açık ya da sinsi, bedeni sakatlayan ya da binlerce şekilde ona gem vuran, bilinci yok edene kadar eğip büken ve var oluşları en ince kıvrımlarına kadar belirleyen kölelik. Daha önce yöresel uygulamalarının görüldüğü insan hakları kavramının özellikle 20. yüzyılla birlikte uluslarüstü bir nitelik kazandığını ifade edebiliriz. Artık ulusal irade meşruiyetin yegane kaynağı olarak görülmemektedir. Yönetimler uygulamalarında insan haklarına yer verdikleri ölçüde meşru, ülke anayasaları, insan hakları ile ilgili hükümlere yer verdikleri oranda değer kazanmaktadırlar.   Bu anlayışın bir yansıması olarak Osmanlı devleti de gerek dış baskılar ve gerekse iç gelişmeler neticesinde anayasal yapılanma sürecine girmiş ve insan hakları konusunda önemli anayasal güvenceler getirmeye çalışmıştır. 1876 Kanun-i Esasi ise insan hakları konusunda daha doğrusu insan haklarının anayasal boyutta ele alınması noktasında bir dönüm noktası olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmada insan haklarının gelişimi Türk Anayasalarından iki kesit alınarak ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. İlk kesit insan hakları kavramının anayasal düzlemde ilk karşılığını bulduğu 1876 anayasası ikinci kesit ise insan haklarına ilişkin hak ve özgürlüklerin zirveye ulaştığı 1961 anayasası olmuştur.  

Keywords:

The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey: The Constitutions of 1876 and 1961
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

The constitutions at the top of the hierarchy of norms regulate Human Rights and Freedoms. Constitutions are supra-legal documents that state the basic characteristics of the state, the systematic and functioning of state institutions, and what rights people have and draw the limits of their freedom. In this context, the incorporation of human rights and freedoms in the constitution can be considered as important steps for the development of human rights. On the other hand, it can be stated that human rights violations are as old as human history. The Killing of Kabul by Abel one of Hz. Adam’s children were considered the first human rights violation. Nowadays, it can be said that these rights violations have become widespread and have become systematic. The fact that the so-called defenders of these rights, which today are human rights violations in which they are incapable, are themselves, is an important data in terms of revealing the results of the sincerity test. In this study, the development of human rights at the constitutional level has been tried to be put forward by taking two sections from the Turkish Constitutions. The first section was the constitution of 1876, where the concept of human rights was first found on the constitutional level, and the second section was the 1961 constitution, where the rights and freedoms of human rights reached their peak.

Keywords:

Two Sections From Human Rights History In Turkish Constitution: The Constitutions Of 1876 and 1961
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

The constitutions at the top of the hierarchy of norms regulate Human Rights and Freedoms. Constitutions are supra-legal documents that state the basic characteristics of the state, the systematic and functioning of state institutions, and what rights people have and draw the limits of their freedom. In this context, the incorporation of human rights and freedoms in the constitution can be considered as important steps for the development of human rights. On the other hand, it can be stated that human rights violations are as old as human history. The killing of Kabul by Abel one of Hz. Adam's children, was considered the first human rights violation. Nowadays, it can be said that these rights violations have become widespread and have become systematic. The fact that the so-called defenders of these rights, which today's human rights violations in which they are incapable, are themselves, is an important data in terms of revealing the results of the sincerity test. In this study, the development of human rights at the constitutional level has been tried to be put forward by taking two sections from Turkish Constitutions. The first section was the constitution of 1876, where the concept of human rights was first found on the constitutional level, and the second section was the 1961 constitution, where the rights and freedoms of human rights reached their peak.

Keywords:

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Paradigma: İktisadi ve İdari Araştırmalar Dergisi

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

Metrics
Article : 241
Cite : 904
Paradigma: İktisadi ve İdari Araştırmalar Dergisi