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100
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13
Yabancılık unsuru taşıyan bir senede bağlı uyuşmazlıklar hakkındaki davada, Türk hâkimince, öncelikle, bu senedin, kambiyo senedinin ve kıymetli evrakın, çalışmamız özelinde, bononun genel niteliklerini taşıyıp taşımadığı tespit edilmelidir. Bu inceleme, milletlerarası özel hukukta vasıflandırma sorunu olarak adlandırılmakta olup, vasıflandırma, hâkimin hukuku olan Türk hukukuna göre, dolayısıyla, 1 Temmuz 2012 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nda (6102 sayılı TTK) yer alan ilgili hükümler çerçevesinde yapılmalıdır. Bu senedin, 6102 sayılı TTK’ya göre, kambiyo senedinin genel özelliklerini taşıdığı ve bu nedenle bir kambiyo senedi (emre yazılı senet-bono) niteliğinde olduğu tespit edilirse, bir sonraki aşamada, bu kambiyo senedine bağlı uyuşmazlıklar hakkında alt vasıflandırmalar yapılarak, bono niteliğinde olan bu senedin şeklen veya ehliyet bakımından geçerli olup olmadığına uygulanacak hukuk, bononun hüküm ve sonuçlarına uygulanacak hukuk, bononun ödenmesine uygulanacak hukuk, kambiyo senedi ilişkisinden kaynaklanan sebepsiz zenginleşme davasına uygulanacak hukuk ve bononun çalınması ve kaybolması halinde uygulanacak hukuk ayrı ayrı tespit edilmelidir. Kural olarak, yabancılık unsuru taşıyan özel hukuka ilişkin işlem ve ilişkilerden doğan uyuşmazlıklarda, 27.11.2007 tarih ve 5718 sayılı Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk ve Usul Hukuku Hakkında Kanun’un (5718 sayılı MÖHUK) ilgili hükümleri uygulanacak olsa da, yabancılık unsuru taşıyan kıymetli evraka (çek, poliçe, bono) ilişkin uyuşmazlıklarda uygulanacak hukukun tespitine yarayan kanunlar ihtilafı kuralları 6102 sayılı TTK’nın “Kanunlar İhtilafı” başlıklı 766 ilâ 775.maddeleri arasında yer almaktadır. 6102 sayılı TTK’nın madde 778/1/j bendi atfıyla, kanunlar ihtilafına ilişkin 766 ilâ 775. maddeleri arasındaki hükümler bonolar hakkında da uygulanır. Çalışmamız kapsamında, 6102 sayılı TTK’da yer alan ve bonoya ilişkin uyuşmazlıklarda uygulanacak hukukun tespitine yarayan özel kanunlar ihtilafı kurallarının incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
In the case of disputes related to a year carrying the foreign element, the Turkish judge must first determine whether this year, the kambiyo senedini and the valuable document, in particular our work, carries the general qualities of the bonus or not. This examination is referred to as the qualification issue in international special law and the qualification must be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Turkish law, which is the law of the judge, therefore, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Turkish Trade Act No. 6102 (Turkish Trade Act No. 6102), which came into force on 1 July 2012. According to the TSI No. 6102, if it is established that this year has the general characteristics of the kambiyo seed and therefore is a kambiyo seed (order written seed-bono), in the next stage, by making sub-qualifications on disputes related to this kambiyo seed, the law to be applied in terms of the form or driving license of this year, the law to be applied to the terms and consequences of the bonon, the law to be applied to the payment of the bonon, the law to be applied to the case of unreasonable wealth resulting from the kambiyo seed and the law to be applied separately in the case of the loss and loss of the bonon. As a rule, in disputes arising from procedures and relations relating to special law that carry the element of foreignity, 27.11. Although the relevant provisions of the Law on International Special Law and Procedure Law No. 5718 (No. 5718), which shall be applied, the rules for the dispute between the laws that shall be applied in disputes relating to valuable documents (requis, policy, bono) carrying out the element of foreign affairs are among the articles 766 to 775 of the TTK No. 6102 entitled "Conflict of laws". In accordance with Article 778/1/j of TTK No. 6102, the provisions between Articles 766 and 775 relating to the dispute of laws are also applicable to bonds. In the framework of our work, it is intended to examine the rules of dispute of special laws contained in the TTK No. 6102 and which are used to identify the law to be applied in disputes relating to the bonus.
In the case regarding the disputes arising from a bill including a foreign element, the Turkish judge shall first determine whether this bill carries the general characteristics of a bill of exchange, negotiable documents, and in particular a promissory note. This examination is called as qualification problem in private international law and qualification should be done by the Turkish material law, which is the law of the judge (lex fori) within the framework of the relevant provisions of the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC no 6102), which entered into force on 1 July 2012. If it is determined that this bill has the general characteristics of the bills of exchange and a promissory note according to the TCC no 6102 and therefore sub-qualifications are made about the disputes related to this promissory note and the law to be applied whether the the promissory note is valid in terms of form or legal capacity and the law to be applied to the legal consequences, the law to be applied to the payment, the law to be applied in case of unjust enrichment related to the nonpayment of promissory note and the law to be applied in the annulment case to be filed in case of loss or theft of the bill and the law applicable to the measures to be taken in that case, must be determined separately. As a rule, in disputes arising from transactions and relations related to private law with a foreign element, although the relevant provisions of the International Private Law and Procedural Law no 5718 (IPPL) dated 27.11.2007 will be applied, in the disputes related to the negotiable documents (check, policy, promissory note) bearing foreign elements, the conflict of laws rules, which are stipulated in the articles 766 to 775 of the TCC under the title ‘Conflict of Laws’ The provisions between articles 766 and 775 concerning article 778/1/j of the TCC, will also be applied for promissory notes. Conflict of laws rules, which are regulated in special laws as TCC, will primarily be applied. Within the scope of our study, it is aimed to examine the relevant conflict of laws rules in the TCC in detail.
Alan : Hukuk
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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