Atıf Sayısı
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Çalışmanın amacı, Fransız Devrimi’nde yurttaşlık düşüncesinin doğuşunu ve gelişimini analiz etmektir. Ulus-devlet formunun oluşmasıyla birlikte modern biçimini kazanacak olan yurttaşlık olgusu, Fransız Devrimi’nin yeni bir halk yaratma hedefinin bir parçası olarak doğmuştur. Devrim öncesi Fransa’daki toplumsal katmanların Devrim sonrası yurttaşlık zemininde bir araya getiriliş süreci, yazının ana gövdesini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın argümanı, yurttaşlık olgusunun siyasal ve sosyal mücadelelerle genişlediğidir. Bu özellik bugün de devam etmektedir. Fransız Devrimi’nde temelleri atılan ayrımcılığa ve imtiyazlara karşı yurttaşlık ekseninde birleşme ve yeni bir yapı kurma isteğinin günümüz koşullarında devam ettiği söylenebilir. Egemenliğin kaynağını teokratik zeminden alıp ulusa veren düşünce, Fransız Devrimi’nin bir sonucudur. Ancak haklardan ziyade sorumluluğa vurgu yapan ve bu sorumlulukları yerine getirdikçe hakların kazanımını açan yurttaşlık bakışı, kavramın köklerindeki genişletici düşünceyi daraltıcı biçimde ele almak anlamına gelir. Bu sonuç beraberinde bir dizi siyasi pratiği de getirir. Farklılıkların bir potada eritilmesi ve bireyi gündelik pratiklerle çevrilmiş alanda bir unsura ait kılma çabaları, Kıta Avrupası’ndan başlayarak, tüm dünyada geçerli olmaya başlayan devlet kontrolünde bir siyasi projeye dönüşmüştür. Devlet dışında sivil bir inisiyatifin varlığını devlete borçlu olması nedeniyle bireysel ifadenin gelişememesi, yurttaşlığın edilgen bir konum olarak kurgulanmasının önünü açar. Modern dönemde “pasif yurttaş” niteliği daha da belirginleşmiştir; böylece günümüzde siyaset ve yönetim işi daha az sayıdaki aktif yurttaşın uzmanlık ve teknokratik girişimlerine bağlı kılınmıştır.
The aim of the study is to analyze the birth and development of the idea of citizenship in the French Revolution. The phenomenon of citizenship, which will gain its modern form with the formation of the national-state form, was born as part of the goal of the French Revolution to create a new people. The process of gathering the social layers in Pre-Revolution France on the ground of post-Revolution citizenship is the main body of the text. The argument of the study is that the fact of citizenship expands through political and social struggles. This feature continues today. It can be said that the desire to unite and build a new structure in the citizenship axis against the discrimination and privileges that were founded in the French Revolution continues in today’s conditions. The thought of taking the source of sovereignty from the theocratic ground and giving the nation is a result of the French Revolution. But the view of citizenship that emphasizes responsibility rather than rights and opens the gain of rights as they fulfill these responsibilities, means treating the expanding thought in the roots of the concept in a narrow manner. This results in a series of political practices. The dilution of differences in a pot and the efforts to make the individual part of an element in the area surrounded by daily practices have become a political project under state control, starting from the continent of Europe, which has begun to apply throughout the world. The existence of a civil initiative outside the state is due to the state because of the failure to develop the individual expression, it prevents the establishment of citizenship as a valid position. In modern times, the character of "passive citizen" has become even more evident; so today the political and administrative work has been linked to the expertise and technocratic initiatives of less active citizens.
The aim of the study is to analyze the origins and development of the idea of citizenship in the French Revolution. The phenomenon of citizenship, which will obtain its modern form with the formation of nation-state, was born as part of the French Revolution’s purpose of creating a new people. The process of uniting the pre-revolutionary social classes around the concept of citizenship in post-revolutionary France constitutes the main subject of this study. The primarily argument of the study is that the phenomenon of citizenship was expanded with political and social struggles. The desire to unite and establish a new structure in the context of citizenship against the pre-revolutionary discriminations and privileges is still valid in today. The idea that gave the sovereignty from the theocratic ground to the nation was the result of the French Revolution. However, the idea of citizenship that emphasizes responsibilities and takes the fulfillment of these responsibilities as a precondition to obtain rights is a restrictive consideration of the originally encompassing idea. This result has also brought a series of political practices. The attempts to melt differences in a pot and to subject the individuals to a field surrounded by daily practices in continental Europe have turned into a state-controlled political project around the globe. Underdevelopment of individual expression due to the dependency of civil initiatives the state paves the way to the consideration of citizenship as a passive subject. The passive character of citizenship in the modern era has become more evident. Today, the politics and government are based on the expertise and technocratic initiatives of fewer active citizens.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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