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Çalışmanın amacı kronolojik bir sırayla 1945 ile 1960 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin Ortadoğu ülkelerine yönelik politikalarını araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın sonu ile 1960 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin Ortadoğu politikalarına ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin buna etkisine odaklanılmıştır. Araştırmada, çalışmaya konu olan dönemde Türkiye’nin dış politikasını dışarıda Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin oluşturduğu tehlikenin ve içeride yaşanan ekonomik sıkıntıların şekillendirdiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Türkiye’nin İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın hemen arkasından güney sınırını güvenceye almak için Ortadoğu ülkeleriyle iyi ilişkileri geliştirmeye çalıştığı bir süreç yaşanmıştır. Ancak Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin Türkiye’nin toprak bütünlüğüne yönelik oluşturduğu tehlike ve içeride yaşanan ekonomik sıkıntıların Türkiye’nin Batı ile ilişkilerini geliştirmesine dolayısıyla da Ortadoğu konusunda Batılı devletlerle birlikte hareket etmesine neden olmuştur. Türkiye bu süreçte Batı ile iyi ilişkiler kurmak istemesinin de etkisiyle savaş sonrasında çok partili hayata geçmiş, 1950 yılında hükümet değişikliği olmuş ve Demokrat Parti iktidara gelmiştir. Türkiye’nin Truman Doktrini ve Marshall Planına dâhil edilerek Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin yardımını aldıktan sonra Ortadoğu konusunda Batı ile birlikte hareket ettiği, yeni kurulan İsrail Devleti’ni tanıyan ilk Müslüman ülke olduğu ve bunu yapmasıyla da Arap devletleriyle ilişkilerinin bozulmaya başladığı görülmektedir. Türkiye bu süreçte NATO üyesi olmuş ve Kore Savaşına katılmıştır. Araştırmada, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin Kore savaşı ile birlikte Sovyetler Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin Ortadoğu’ya da yayılma ihtimalinin bulunduğunun ve Ortadoğu’nun Batı için önemli olduğunun farkına vardığı, bu nedenle Kuzey Kuşağı Projesini hazırladığı ve bundan sonra Türkiye’nin Ortadoğu politikalarına bu projenin etki ettiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Proje doğrultusunda Türkiye’nin önderliğinde Bağdat Paktı’nın kurulduğu ancak bu Pakta Irak dışındaki Arap ülkelerinin katılmadığı, bunda Mısır Devleti'nin tutumunun etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Süveyş bunalımı, Suriye krizi, Lübnan ve Ürdün olayları, Irak darbesi gibi gelişmeller karşısında Batı ile birlikte hareket ettiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
The aim of the study is to chronologically explore the policies of Turkey towards the countries of the Middle East between 1945 and 1960. For this purpose, the focus was on the politics of Turkey in the Middle East between the end of World War II and the 1960s and on the influence of the United States and the Soviet Socialist Republics. The study found that the foreign policy of Turkey in the study period was formed by the danger of the Soviet Socialist Republics Union and the economic difficulties that occur inside. It has been a process in which Turkey is trying to develop good relations with the Middle East countries to secure its southern border right behind the Second World War. But the danger that the Soviet Socialist Republics Union creates toward the territorial integrity of Turkey and the economic difficulties in it have led to Turkey’s development of relations with the West, and to action with the Western states on the Middle East. Turkey in this process, with the influence of its desire to establish good relations with the West after the war, became a multi-party life, in 1950 the government changed and the Democratic Party came to power. Turkey is the first Muslim country to recognize the newly established State of Israel, which has been involved in the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan after receiving the help of the United States and has moved with the West on the Middle East, and with doing so its relations with the Arab states have begun to break down. Turkey became a member of the NATO and joined the Korean War. The study found that the United States, along with the Korean War, realized that the Soviet Socialist Republics Union could spread to the Middle East, and that the Middle East was important to the West, and therefore prepared the Northern Generation Project, and then the Turkey’s Middle East policies were influenced by this project. According to the project, it was understood that the Baghdad Pact was established under the leadership of Turkey but that Arab countries outside Iraq did not participate in this Pact, in which the attitude of the Egyptian state was effective. The study concluded that Turkey is moving together with the West in the face of developments such as the Suez disaster, the Syrian crisis, the events in Lebanon and Jordan, the Iraqi coup.
The aim of the study is to investigate Turkey's policies towards Middle Eastern countries between 1945 and 1960, in chronological order. For this purpose, between the end of World War II and 1960, Turkey's Middle East policies and the influence of the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were focused on. During the period subject to study, it was concluded that Turkey's foreign policy was shaped by the danger posed by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics abroad and the domestic economic difficulties. As a result of the research, it is seen that Turkey established good relations with Middle Eastern countries in order to secure its southern border right after the Second World War. However, it is understood that the danger to the territorial integrity of Turkey created by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the economic difficulties experienced inside caused Turkey to develop its relations with the West and thus to act together with Western states on the Middle East. In this process, Turkey started a multi-party life after the war with the effect of having good relations with the West and there was a change of government in 1950 and the Democrat Party came to power. It is seen that Turkey acted with the West on the Middle East after being included in the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan and after receiving the assistance of the United States, it was the first Muslim country to recognize the newly established State of Israel and its relations with Arab states started to deteriorate with this. Turkey became a NATO member during this period and participated in the Korean War. In research, it was concluded that the United States realized that with the Korean War, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics had the possibility to spread to the Middle East and that the Middle East was important for the West, for this reason, it prepared the Northern Belt Project and this project affected Turkey's Middle East policies from now on. In line with the project, it was understood that the Baghdad Pact was established under the leadership of Turkey, but Arab countries other than Iraq did not participate in this Pact and the attitude of the Egyptian State was effective in this. In line with the project, it was understood that the Baghdad Pact was established under the leadership of Turkey, but Arab countries other than Iraq did not participate in this Pact and the attitude of the Egyptian State was effective in this. In the study, it was concluded that Turkey acted in unision with the West in the face of events such as the Suez crisis, the Syrian crisis, the Lebanon and Jordan events, and the Iraqi coup.
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