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İnsanoğlunun besin kaynaklarının temelini oluşturan tarım sektörü, bilgi ve iletişim sektörünün ön plana çıktığı küreselleşen dünyada, hizmetler sektörünün gölgesinde kalmış gibi görünse de ekonomik anlamda ilgi çekmeye devam etmektedir. Bu kadar önemli olan bir sektörün karşılaştığı en önemli sorun ise iklim koşullarından aşırı etkilenmesi ve bu alanda faaliyet gösteren çiftçilerin gelirlerinin düşük olmasıdır. Bu özelliklerinden dolayı tarım çeşitli araçlarla sürekli desteklenen bir sektör olmuştur. Bu noktada ise verilen desteklerin çeşitleri ve etkileri tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de ve Avrupa Birliği’nde tarıma verilen mali destekleri karşılaştırarak Türkiye için çıkarım yapmaktır. Bu amaçla hazırlanan çalışmada, öncelikle tarım sektörünün ekonomideki payı veriler eşliğinde ele alınmış, ardından Türkiye’de ve Avrupa Birliği’nde tarıma verilen mali destekler incelenmiş, daha sonra ise bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda AB’nin üretici bazlı destekleme sistemini temel ilke olarak benimserken Türkiye’nin ürün bazlı prim destekleme ödemelerini benimsediği Türkiye’de verilen desteklere rağmen bitkisel üretimde istikrar yakalamadığı, hayvansal et üretiminde ise son beş yıla kadar nispeten istikrar yakalandığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, Türkiye’nin tarımdaki yapısal sorunları çözerek üretici bazlı desteklemeye geçmesinin gerektiği vurgulanmıştır.
In the globalized world where the agricultural sector, which is the foundation of human nutritional resources, the information and communication sector stands in the forefront, the service sector seems to remain in the shadow, but continues to attract economic interest. The most important problem that a sector faces is that it is excessively affected by climate conditions and that the income of farmers operating in this area is low. Because of these characteristics, agriculture has been a sector that has been constantly supported by various means. In this point, the varieties and effects of the support provided are discussed. The aim of this study is to make outcome for Turkey by comparing the financial support provided to agriculture in Turkey and the European Union. In the study prepared for this purpose, first the share of the agricultural sector in the economy was addressed with data, then the financial support given to agriculture in Turkey and the European Union was examined, and then a comparison was made. As a result of the study, the EU adopts the producer-based support system as a basic principle, Turkey has adopted product-based premium support payments; despite the support provided in Turkey, it has been found that it has not captured stability in plant production, and that it has been captured relatively stability in animal meat production until the last five years. As a result of the study, it was emphasized that Turkey should move to producer-based support by solving structural problems in agriculture.
The agricultural sector, which constitutes the basis of the food resources of human beings, continues to attract economic attention, although it seems to be in the shadow of the services sector in the globalizing world where the information and communication sector comes to the fore. The most important problem faced by such an important sector is that it is extremely affected by climatic conditions and the income of farmers operating in this field is low. Because of these features, agriculture has been a sector that is constantly supported by various tools. At this point, the types and effects of the subsidies to be discussed. The aim of this study was to compare Union's financial support to agriculture in Turkey and the European and to make inferences for Turkey. The study prepared for this purpose, firstly discussed in the accompanying data, the share of agriculture sector in the economy, then examined the fiscal subsidies given to agriculture in the European Union and Turkey, after that a comparison was made. As a result of the study, the EU adopted the manufacturer-based support system as the basic principle when Turkey has adopted a product-based premium support payments. In conclusion, Turkey's first solving structural problems in agriculture, and then must go to the manufacturer-based subsidies.
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