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Batı Avrupa’da, Aydınlanma Çağı, Sanayi İnkılabı ve Fransız İhtilali gibi devrimsel fikri hareketlerin akabinde gelişen modernleşme harekâtı, Türk toplumunda Tanzimat Fermanı ile başlamış ve Cumhuriyet Türkiye’sinde gelişimini devam ettirmiştir. 19. yüzyıl ile birlikte özellikle eskiden yeniye geçiş süreci olarak tanımlanan ve literatürde kavram olarak da yerini almaya başlayan modernizmle birlikte yazarlar içinde bulundukları ve kendilerini de kapsayan bu dönüşümün eleştirisini yaparken edebi anlatıyı modernleştirmişlerdir. Günümüze kadar uzanan modernleşme tartışmaları, Türk edebiyatında özellikle Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar’ın eserlerinde önemli bir yer edinmektedir. Türk edebiyatının önemli değerlerinden biri olan Tanpınar aracılığıyla Türk ulusunun modernizme adapte olma sürecinin önemli bir kesitine tanık olunmaktadır. Almanca yazan yazarlar arasında yer alan Avusturyalı Thomas Bernhard eserlerini Batı Avrupa’nın savaşın etkisini henüz üstünden atmak üzere olduğu bir dönemde kaleme almış ve Tanpınar gibi bireyden topluma uzanan yenilenme sürecine eserlerinde eleştirel bir yaklaşımla yer vermiştir. Karşılaştırmalı edebiyat biliminin yöntemlerine dayalı kaleme aldığımız bu çalışmada, modernizm, Tanpınar ve Bernhard’ın bakış açısı üzerinden analiz edilmiş, benzerlikler ve farklılıklar ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Her iki yazarın da edebi kurguları ve düşüncelerini aktardıkları diğer metin türleriyle 20. yüzyılın modernleşmesinin bir nevi edebi eleştirisini yapmış oldukları başlıca bulgularımız arasındadır. Bu tespitten yola çıkarak birbirinden farklı dillerde yazan ve doğu-batı ekseninde düşünen iki farklı kültüre mensup yazarın modernleşme olgusu karşısındaki duruşları karşılaştırılarak eserlerinin anlaşılmasına bir katkı sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır.
In Western Europe, the modernization movement developed after revolutionary ideological movements such as the Age of Enlightenment, the Industrial Incubation and the French Conflict, began with the Tanzimat Ferman in the Turkish society and continued its development in the Republic of Turkey. In the 19th century, with modernism, which was previously defined as a transition process and which began to take its place as a concept in literature, the writers were in and modernized the literary narrative while criticizing this transformation that covers themselves. The modernization discussions that lasted to this day occupy an important place in Turkish literature, especially in the works of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar. Through Tanpınar, one of the important values of Turkish literature, it is witnessed to an important part of the process of adapting the Turkish nation to modernism. The Austrian writer Thomas Bernhard, who was among the German writers, took his works in a period in which Western Europe was about to overthrow the influence of the war, and put his work in a critical approach to the renewal process extending from individual to society, like Tanpınar. In this study, which we found on the methods of comparative literary science, modernism, analyzed from the point of view of Tanpınar and Bernhard, tried to reveal similarities and differences. The two writers also translate their literary fiction and other kinds of text with their ideas. It is one of the main findings that the modernization of the century has made a nevi literary criticism. The aim of this discovery is to contribute to the understanding of the works by comparing the attitudes of the writer belonging to the two different cultures who write in different languages and think in the east-west axis.
In Western Europe, the modernization movement that has developed in the aftermath of the revolutionary ideas of the age of Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution has officially started with The Edict of Tanzimat (Ottoman Empire) in Turkish society, and it has continued in the Republic of Turkey. With the modernism, which was defined as the transition process from the old to the new and began to take its place in the literature as a concept in the 19th century, the authors modernized the literary narrative while they were criticizing this transformation that they were in. Modernization debates dating to the present day take an important place in Turkish literature, especially in the works of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar. Thanks to Tanpınar, one of the important values of Turkish literature, an important section of the process of adaptation of the Turkish nation to modernism is witnessed. Austrian Thomas Bernhard, one of the German-language authors, wrote his works at a time when Western Europe was about to overcome the impact of the war, and in his works he - just like Tanpinar - critically treated the renewal process unfolding from individuals to society. In this study which is written based on the methods of comparative literature science, modernism was analyzed from the perspective of Tanpınar and Bernhard, with the purpose of detecting the similarities and differences between both authors.
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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