Özet:

Many studies have been conducted on the meaning of the word "Turk". Although various opinions are put forward in these studies, it is seen that it expresses the meaning of "nation" in the Orkhon Inscriptions, the first known written texts. It is known that the word "Turk" is used in works with meanings such as "beau-tiful, strong, valiant" as well as "the lineage speaking various dialects of Turkish and the person of this lineage". In the works and dictionaries of different cultures (especially Persian and Arabic sources), the word "Turk" appears in many works with the meaning of "beloved" as well as various meanings. However, in addition to positive meanings, there are also negative uses of the word. As far as it can be determined, the use of the word "Turk" in negative meanings started from the works of the 15th century. It is sometimes used in the form of "türk-i bī-rāh", sometimes as a Persian suffix "türkāne", and sometimes as a noun in the sense of "peasant; rude". The 17th century satirical poet Nef'î uses the word "Turk" as an element of humili-ation in many couplets in his Sihām-ı Kazā. In this study, the use of the word "Turk" in negative / pejorative meanings in Nasreddin Hodja jokes is analyzed. The work that constitutes the basis of the study is the manu-script titled Hikâyât-ı Hoca Nasreddîn registered in Konya Regional Manuscript Library with the number BY7297. Although it is understood from the library records that the work was endowed in the year 1292 (1875-1876), the date of the work and its author are not known. However, considering the date of donation (1875-1876), it is likely that the date of the manuscript was in the early 1800s. The jokes in the manuscript titled Hikâyât-ı Hoca Nasreddîn were scanned and the Turkish/Turkmen words were identified. Then, these jokes were compared with the jokes in the manuscript collection of the Chingiz Aitmatov Institute of Language and Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, number 007, which has a missing beginning and end. Therefore, Nasreddin Hodja jokes written in Western and Eastern Turkish belonging to the same period are discussed in terms of the perception of Turkishness. In the manuscript titled Hikâyât-ı Hoca Nasreddîn, six jokes in which "Turk" and "Turkmān" type are included are analyzed by bringing together with the jokes in the aforementioned printed work. The language of these jokes belongs to late Chagatai Turkish. For this reason, it was deemed appropriate to compare the jokes in Western Turkish (Hikâyât-ı Hoca Nasreddîn) and Eastern Turkish through the Turkish type. There is no Turkish type in Nasreddin Hodja (Efendi) jokes written in late Chagatai Turkish, registered in Cengiz Aitmatov Institute of Language and Literature number 007. It is seen that this type is found in Nasreddin Hodja jokes in the Anatolian field, but not in jokes written in Eastern Turkish. Although we have seen the use of the word Turkish with a negative meaning in the geography of Eastern Turkish in Nevâyî, it would be appropriate to say that this use is limited and its use in Anatolian Turkish is more common. In the study, the stereotype of "Turk" used as an element of marginalization was evaluated. In this context, the Turkish type is an auto-stereotype in Nasreddin Hodja jokes. In the jokes analyzed, it was seen that the peasant type is more alert than the city dweller, but also a rude type.