User Guide
Why can I only view 3 results?
You can also view all results when you are connected from the network of member institutions only. For non-member institutions, we are opening a 1-month free trial version if institution officials apply.
So many results that aren't mine?
References in many bibliographies are sometimes referred to as "Surname, I", so the citations of academics whose Surname and initials are the same may occasionally interfere. This problem is often the case with citation indexes all over the world.
How can I see only citations to my article?
After searching the name of your article, you can see the references to the article you selected as soon as you click on the details section.
  Citation Number 1
 Views 67
 Downloands 44
Dil Oyunları Teorisi Perspektifinde Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’e Yaklaşma Denemesi
2020
Journal:  
Eskiyeni
Author:  
Abstract:

Batı’da özellikle Aydınlanma sonrası aklı ve dolayısıyla insanı merkeze alan bir anlayış güçlenmeye başlarken, Tanrı’yı merkeze alan dini referanslar büyük ölçüde güç kaybetmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak kullanılan dil nelerden söz ettiğinden daha ziyade, akli ve bilimsel referanslara ne kadar uygun olup olmadığı bakımından ele alınmaya başlamıştır. Kaygının bu noktaya odaklanması ile birlikte din, metafizik, ahlak gibi soyut ifadelere sahip söylem biçimleri toplum üzerindeki ağırlığını ve etkinliğini kaybetme sürecine girmiştir. Başta dini referanslar olmak üzere, metafizik ve ahlak gibi alanlarda kullanılan dile en güçlü ve sarsıcı eleştiriler yirminci yüz yılın başlarında Mantıkçı Pozitivistler tarafından yöneltilmiştir. Viyana Çevresi olarak da bilinen bu yapının üyelerinin büyük çoğunluğu bilim adamlarından oluşuyordu. Ana gayeleri bilimde olduğu gibi, dil konusunda da kesin ve net bir söylem geliştir-mekti. Böylece onlar mantığın ve matematiğin yöntemini din, ahlak ve metafiziğe ait ifadelere uygulamak suretiyle onların doğruluğunu test edeceklerini; doğrulayamadıkları ifadeleri değer-lendirme dışı bırakarak bu alanların dilini şüphe ve belirsizlikten kurtarmış olacaklarını savlamış-lardı. Mantıkçı Pozitivist Çevre’nin dil konusundaki ilham kaynağı aslında Wittgenstein’in felsefesinin birinci dönemi olmuştur. Çünkü bu döneminde Wittgenstein, dil ile gerçeklik arasında mutlak bir uyum olduğunu, tüm dünyayı mantığın sınırlarına oturttuğunu ve dünyayı da dilin sınırları ile mahdut bir alan olarak gördüğünü ifade ediyordu. Ona göre dil gerçekliğin bir tasarımı idi. Biz bir ifadeyi anladığımızda, onun ortaya koymuş olduğu olgu durumunu da bilmiş oluyorduk. Bu noktada ayrıca bir açıklamaya gerek yoktu. Wittgenstein aşırı derecede kısıtlayıcı olan bu yaklaşı-mın kendi içerisinde bir kısırdöngüye sebep olduğunu fark etmiş ve bu düşüncesini terk etmiştir. Felsefesinin ikinci dönemini oluşturan bu safhada artık dil ile gerçeklik arasında bir uyum oldu-ğunu veya olması gerektiğini düşünmüyordu. Zira ona göre bundan böyle dilin sadece tek bir oyunu oynamak, yalnız olguları resmetmek gibi bir görevi olduğunu savunmak yanlıştı. Savu-nulması gereken şey, dilin anlamının kullanımına bağlı olduğu, dilden kastedilen şeyin yaşam biçimlerine göre şekil almış dil oyunları kümeleri olduğu ve bu dil oyunları kümelerinin de uzla-şıma dayalı bir özelliğinin bulunduğu gibi hususlardı. Bu çalışma genel anlamda dine, özelde ise Kur’an-ı Kerim’e ait ifadelerin bütünüyle olmasa da kısmen dil oyunları teoremi çerçevesinde ele alınabileceğini savlamaktadır. Zira dinler evrensellik iddiasında olsalar da neticede belli bir zaman ve coğrafyada, belli bir dil ve kültüre sahip olan bir millete gelmiştir. Dolayısıyla geldiği milletin dilinden, kültüründen ve anlayışından mutlaka istifade etmiştir. Kaldı ki belli bir kültürel arka plana sahip bir millete gelen ifadelerin, onların bütünüyle yabancı olabileceği bir dili, referans ve örnekleri kullanmış olması düşünülemezdi. Dolayısıyla dinler bu bakımdan geldikleri toplumun tedavülde olan dilinin imkânlarından istifade etmiştir. Bu, Kur’an-ı Kerim için de geçerli olan bir durumdur. Zira o da kendilerine gelmiş oldu-ğu toplumun kullandığı dilin imkânlarını kullanmış, o dönem insanının anlayabileceği örnekler üzerinden mesajını iletmiş ve yine dönem insanının beklenti ve çekincelerine uygun düşecek teşvik ve tehditleri gündeme taşımıştır. Kur’an’da olduğu üzere her ne kadar dinler geldikleri dönemin referanslarına müracaat etmiş, o bölgenin anlayışını dilinin nesnesi yaparak mesajını iletmeye çalışmış olsa da bütün bir din dilinin o döneme ait bir dil oyunu olduğunu söylemek doğru değildir. Zira dinlerin mesajını iletirken taşıdıkları en temel kaygı anlaşılmaktır. Ve hemen her dilin mümkün olduğu kadar farklı zaman ve insan topluluklarına hitap etmek gibi bir gayesi vardır. Dolayısıyla dinler yereli olduğu gibi, evrensel anlamda herkesin anlayacağı, benimseyip uygulayabileceği prensipleri içeren, insanlığın ortak değerleri olacak referansları da kullanmıştır. Aksini düşünmek dini belli bir zamanın toplu-munu muhatap almak suretiyle o toplumun problemlerini çözmek üzere gelmiş, sonrasında da işlevselliğini kaybetmiş bir ifade biçimi olarak anlaşılmasına sebep olacaktır ki, hiçbir din böyle bir yaklaşımı kabul etmez. Kaldı ki yaşamakta olan dinler de bunun bir kanıtıdır. Dolayısıyla, Hristi-yanlık geldiği toprakların sınırları içerisine hapsolmadığı gibi, sadece Aramice konuşanların dini olarak da kalmamıştır. Aynı şekilde İslam da yalnız Arapça konuşan bir milletin dini değildir. Bugün itibariyle İslam geldiği sınırların çok ötesine taşmış, çok farklı dil gruplarına üye milletlerin inancını belirleyen beynelmilel bir din olmuştur. İstisnai bir durumu olmasına rağmen Yahudilik için de bunu söylemek olanaklıdır. Bu yönüyle bakıldığında Wittgenstein’ın dil oyunları çerçeve-sinde ileri sürmüş olduğu, her dilin bir cemaate özgü, bütünüyle içe kapanık, başkalarının tecrü-besine açık olmayan kapalı bir dil olduğu yönündeki yaklaşımı tutarsızdır. Evet dillerin bir yönüy-le böyle bir özgünlüğü vardır, ancak bu başka hiç kimse tarafından anlaşılamayacak derecede dışa kapalı bir özgünlük değildir. Öyle olsaydı yaşayan farklı nesiller arasında ve bir neslin kendi geçmi-şiyle irtibatından söz etmek mümkün olmazdı.

Keywords:

The theory of the language of the theory of the Qur’an in the perspective
2020
Journal:  
Eskiyeni
Author:  
Abstract:

In the West, especially after the Enlightenment, while an understanding prioritizing reason and human began to strengthen, the religious references centering God lost power to a large extent. Therefore, language was started to deal with in terms of its suitability for mental and scientific references rather than what is mentions. With the focus of anxiety on this point, discourse forms such as religion, metaphysics and morality have entered the process of losing their weight and effectiveness on society. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the most powerful and shocking criticism for the language which was used in the field of morality, metaphysics and religion was directed by Logi-cal Positivists. The majority of the members of this group, known as the Vienna Circle, were scientists. Their main goal was to develop a clear and precise discourse on language as in science. Thus, they will test their accuracy by applying the method of logic and mathematics to express-sions of religion, morality and metaphysics; they claimed that they would free the language of these areas from doubt and uncertainty by excluding the statements they could not verify. The source of inspiration of language for Logical Positivist Circle was actually the first period of Wittgenstein's philosophy. Since in this period, Wittgenstein stated that there was an absolute harmony between language and reality, that he placed the whole world at the boundaries of logic and saw the world as a limited space with the boundaries of language. According to him, language was a picture of reality; when we understood a statement, we also knew the fact that it had been brought up. There was no need for an additional explanation at this point. Wittgenstein realized that this extremely restrictive approach caused a vicious circle in itself and abandoned this thought. In this phase constituting the second period of his philosophy, he no longer thought that there was a harmony between language and reality. According to him, it was wrong to argue that the language has a duty for only one thing and to portray phenomenon only. What was to be defend-ed was that, language is related to the use of the meaning of the language, what is meant by the language are sets of language games shaped according to the lifestyles and these sets of language games are issues based on the feature of compromise. This study argues that the expressions belonging to religion in general and the Qur'an in particles can be partially handled within the framework of language games. Due to the fact that, even though religions claimed to be universal, they eventually came to a nation with a certain lan-guage and culture, in a certain time and geography. Therefore, they definitely benefited from the language, culture and understanding of the nation they came into. Moreover, it would be unthink-able that the expressions coming to a nation with a certain cultural background used a language, references and examples in which they could be completely foreign. Therefore, religions definite-ly benefited from the opportunities of the language of the society they came into. Moreover, it would be unthinkable that the expressions that came to a nation with a certain cultural background used a language, references and examples in which they could be completely foreign. Therefore, religions have benefited from the potential of the language of the society in circulation. This is also valid for the Qur’an. For the reason that the Qur’an also used the opportunities of the language used by that society, transmitted its message through examples that the people of that period could understand, and made incentives and threats according to the expectations and reservations of the people of the period. As in the Quran, although religions applied to the references of the period they came in and tried to transmit their message by making the understanding of that region the object of their language, it is not correct to say that a whole language of religion was a language belonging to that period. Because the main concern of religions while conveying their message is to be understandable. Almost every language had an aim to address as many different times and communities as poss-ble. Therefore, religions used references that would be common values of humanity, including the principles that everyone could understand, adopt and apply. Claiming otherwise would cause religion to be understood as a form of expression that came to solve the problems of the certain society and then lost its function. But no religion would accept such an approach. Besides, to-day's religions are proof of this. Therefore, Christianity was not only the religion of those who spoke Aramaic. Likewise, Islam is not the religion of a nation that only speaks Arabic. Today, Islam has gone far beyond its borders and it has been a universal religion that determined the beliefs of the member nations of many different language groups. Although it has an exceptional situation, it is also possible to say this for Judaism. From this aspect, Wittgenstein’s approach to language games which is that each language is a closed language that is specific to a community, com-pletely closed, and not open to the experience of others is inconsistent. Languages have such a uniqness in one aspect, but this is not an extrovert uniqness that is not understood by anyone else. If it was true, it would not be possible to talk about the connection between different generations and a generation’s own past.

Keywords:

The Approach To The Qur’ān In The Perspective Of Language Games Theory
2020
Journal:  
Eskiyeni
Author:  
Abstract:

In the West, especially after the Enlightenment, while an understanding prioritizing reason and human began to strengthen, the religious references centering God lost power to a large extent. Therefore, language was started to deal with in terms of its suitability for mental and scientific references rather than what is mentions. With the focus of anxiety on this point, discourse forms such as religion, metaphysics and morality have entered the process of losing their weight and effectiveness on society. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the most powerful and shocking criticism for the language which was used in the field of morality, metaphysics and religion was directed by Logi-cal Positivists. The majority of the members of this group, known as the Vienna Circle, were scientists. Their main goal was to develop a clear and precise discourse on language as in science. Thus, they will test their accuracy by applying the method of logic and mathematics to expres-sions of religion, morality and metaphysics; they claimed that they would free the language of these areas from doubt and uncertainty by excluding the statements they could not verify. The source of inspiration of language for Logical Positivist Circle was actually the first period of Wittgenstein's philosophy. Since in this period, Wittgenstein stated that there was an absolute harmony between language and reality, that he placed the whole world at the borders of logic and saw the world as a limited space with the borders of language. According to him, language was a picture of reality; when we understood a statement, we also knew the fact that it had been brought up. There was no need for an extra explanation at this point. Wittgenstein realized that this extremely restrictive approach caused a vicious circle in itself and abandoned this thought. In this phase constituting the second period of his philosophy, he no longer thought that there was a harmony between language and reality. According to him, it was wrong to argue that the language has a duty for only one thing and to portray phenomenon only. What was to be defend-ed was that, language is related to the use of the meaning of the language, what is meant by the language are sets of language games shaped according to the lifestyles and these sets of language games are issues based on the feature of compromise. This study argues that the expressions belonging to religion in general and the Qurʾān in particu-lar can partially be handled within the framework of language games. Due to the fact that, even though religions claimed to be universal, they eventually came to a nation with a certain lan-guage and culture, in a certain time and geography. Therefore, they definitely benefited from the language, culture and understanding of the nation they came in. Moreover, it would be unthink-able that the expressions coming to a nation with a certain cultural background used a language, references and examples in which they could be completely foreign. Therefore, religions definite-ly benefited from the opportunities of the language of the society they came in. Moreover, it would be unthinkable that the expressions that came to a nation with a certain cultural back-ground used a language, references and examples in which they could be completely foreign. Therefore, religions have benefited from the potentials of the language of the society in circula-tion. This is also valid for the Qur’ān. For the reason that the Qur’ān also used the opportunities of the language used by that society, conveyed its message through examples that the people of that period could understand, and made incentives and threats according to the expectations and reservations of the people of the period. As in the Qur’ān , although religions applied to the references of the period they came in and tried to convey their message by making the understanding of that region the object of their language, it is not correct to say that a whole language of religion was a language belonging to that period. Because the main concern of religions while conveying their message is to be understandable. Almost every language had an aim to address as many different times and communities as possi-ble. Therefore, religions used references that would be common values of humanity, including the principles that everyone could understand, adopt and apply. Claiming otherwise would cause religion to be understood as a form of expression that came to solve the problems of the certain society and then lost its function. But no religion would accept such an approach. Besides, to-day’s religions are proof of this. Therefore, Christianity was not only the religion of those who spoke Aramaic. Likewise, Islam is not the religion of a nation that only speaks Arabic. Today, Islam has gone far beyond its borders and it has been an universal religion that determined the beliefs of the member nations of many different language groups. Although it has an exceptional situation, it is also possible to say this for Judaism. From this aspect, Wittgenstein's approach to language games which is that each language is a closed language that is specific to a community, com-pletely closed, and not open to the experience of others is inconsistent. Languages have such an uniqness in one aspect, but this is not an extrovert uniqness that is not understood by anyone else. If it was true, it would not be possible to talk about the connection between different gener-ations and a generation's own past.

Keywords:

Citation Owners
Attention!
To view citations of publications, you must access Sobiad from a Member University Network. You can contact the Library and Documentation Department for our institution to become a member of Sobiad.
Off-Campus Access
If you are affiliated with a Sobiad Subscriber organization, you can use Login Panel for external access. You can easily sign up and log in with your corporate e-mail address.
Similar Articles










Eskiyeni

Field :   İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler

Journal Type :   Ulusal

Metrics
Article : 955
Cite : 1.230
Eskiyeni