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Bu çalışmada Kızılırmak Deltasının mevcut arazi kullanım durumu ve son 33 yılda meydana gelen arazi örtüsü değişiklikleri ele alınmıştır. Araştırma sahası konumu ve doğal ortam özelliklerine bağlı olarak yoğun bir arazi kullanımına sahne olmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, hem doğal yaşam alanı, hem de beşeri ve iktisadi faaliyetler açısından önemli bir saha olan Kızılırmak Deltasının mevcut arazi kullanım durumunu en az hata, en fazla ayrıntı ile ortaya koymak, yaşanan değişimleri tespit edip yorumlamaktır. Buradan hareketle geleceğe yönelik öngörülerde bulunulması hedeflenmiştir. Buna yönelik olarak arazi çalışmaları ve CBS’den faydalanılmıştır. Deltanın mevcut arazi örtüsü 2019 yılı Google Earth uydu görüntüleri üzerinden analiz edilmiş, sonuçlar arazi çalışmalarıyla kontrol edilmiştir. Arazi örtüsünün zamansal değişimini tespit edebilmek için 1987, 2002, 2010 ve 2018 yıllarına ait uydu görüntüleri kontrollü sınıflandırma tekniğiyle işlenmiştir. Bulgulara göre; 2019 yılı itibariyle Kızılırmak Deltasının % 64’ünde tarım başta olmak üzere hayvancılık, yerleşme, sanayi gibi beşeri faaliyetler yürütülmektedir. Deltanın % 24’ünü çeşitli statülerle koruma altına alınmış alanlar oluştururken orman, kumul, drenaj kanalı gibi unsurlar geriye kalan kısmını teşkil etmektedir. Kızılırmak Deltasında son 33 yılda yerleşmeler, yollar, sanayi tesisleri gibi unsurların alanını genişlettiği, tarım alanları ve ormanların ise daraldığı görülmüştür. Kızılırmak Deltasında arazi örtüsünün gelecekteki durumuyla ilgili; koruma alanlarına bağlı olarak sulak alanların, kumulların ve su basar ormanların kısa vadede varlığını sürdürebileceğini söylemek mümkündür. Ancak küresel iklim değişmeleri ile deniz seviyesindeki yükselmenin devam edeceği ve yağış koşullarının değişeceği, barajlar ve kum ocakları nedeniyle deltanın sediment bütçesinin açık vereceği ve kıyı gerilemesinin devam edeceği hesaba katılırsa orta vadede sulak alanlar deniz işgaline uğrayacak, kumullar kıyıdan iç kesimlere doğru yayılacaktır. Akarsu yatakları küçülecek, çevrelerindeki bataklıklar kuruyarak çayırlara dönüşecektir. Deltadaki yerleşmeler, sanayi tesisleri ve ulaşım alt yapısı alansal olarak genişleyecek, tarım arazileri ve ormanlar daralacaktır. Kızılırmak Deltasında arazi örtüsünün mevcut durumu ve zamansal değişiminden yola çıkılarak deltayı gelecekte büyük risklerin beklediği söylenebilir. Kızılırmak Deltasında tarım, yerleşme, sanayileşme, ulaşım, alt yapı gibi unsurlar bütün paydaşlar göz önüne alınarak planlanmalıdır. Risklerin ve avantajların yöre halkına anlatılması ve planlamaların sahiplenilmesi sağlanmalıdır.
This study discussed the current land use situation and the changes in land coverage that have occurred in the last 33 years. The area of research is the scene of intense land use depending on its location and the characteristics of the natural environment. The aim of the study is to identify and interpret the current land use status of the Red Devil, which is an important field for both the natural living area and human and economic activities, with the least errors, the most detail, and the changes that are undergoing. It has been aimed at making forecasts for the future. For this purpose, the land work and the CBS were benefited. The current land cover of the Delta was analyzed through the 2019 Google Earth satellite images, the results were checked by land studies. The satellite images of 1987, 2002, 2010 and 2018 were processed using a controlled classification technique to detect the time change of land cover. According to the findings; by 2019, 64% of the Redmak Delta is carried out in human activities such as agriculture, settlement, industry. 24% of the delta form areas protected by various statuses, while elements such as forest, sand, drainage canals form the remaining part. In the last 33 years in the Red Devil Delta, the area of elements such as settlements, roads, industrial facilities has been expanded, and agricultural areas and forests have been narrowed. It is possible to say about the future situation of land cover in the Red Devil; depending on the protected areas, the waterfalls, sandwiches and water-powered forests may continue to exist in the short term. But if the global climate change and the rise of sea level continue and the rain conditions will change, the delt’s sediment budget will open because of the barges and sand shells, and the coastal decline will continue, in the medium term, the waters will be occupied by the sea, and the shells will spread from the coast to the inner parts. The flow beds will be smaller, and the watches around them will be dry and converted into strawberries. The settlements in the delta, industrial facilities and transport substructs will expand alienally, agricultural land and forests will be narrow. In the Red Devil Delt, starting from the current state of the land cover and time change, it can be said that the Delt is expected to have great risks in the future. The elements such as agriculture, settlement, industrialization, transportation, sub-structure in the Delta must be planned taking into account all stakeholders. The risks and benefits must be told to the local people and the planning must be held.
In this study, the current land use status of Kızılırmak Delta and the changes of land cover occurring in the last 33 years are discussed. The research area is subject to intensive land use depending on its location and natural environment characteristics. The aim of this study is to reveal the current land use situation of Kızılırmak Delta which is an important field both in terms of natural habitat and human and economic activities with minimum error and maximum detail and to detect and interpret the changes. From this point of view, it is aimed to make predictions for the future. For this purpose, field studies and GIS have been utilized. The current land cover of the delta was analyzed through 2019 Google Earth satellite imagery and results were checked by field studies. In order to detect the temporal change of land cover, satellite images of 1987, 2002, 2010 and 2018 were processed by controlled classification technique. According to the findings; As of 2019, 64% of Kızılırmak Delta has been carrying out human activities such as agriculture, animal husbandry, settlement and industry. While 24% of the delta is protected areas in various statuses, the remaining elements are forest, sand dune and drainage canal. When the temporal change of land cover in Kızılırmak Delta is examined, it is seen that in the last 33 years, the elements such as settlements, roads, industrial plants have expanded its area and agricultural areas and forests have shrunk. The future of the land cover in Kızılırmak Delta; It is possible to say that wetlands, sand dunes and flooded forests can survive in the short term depend on the protected areas. However, considering that the global climate changes and sea level will continue to increase and precipitation conditions will change, the sediment budget of the delta will bedefıcit due to dams and sand pits and the coastal recession experienced in the last 33 years will continue and the wetlands will be occupied by the sea in the medium term. The river beds will shrink and the swamps around them will dry and turn into meadows. The settlements, industrial facilities and transport infrastructure in the delta will be expanded exponentially, agricultural lands and forests will be narrowed. Based on the current situation and temporal change of the land cover in the Kızılırmak Delta, it can be said that great risks await the delta in the future. The factors such as agriculture, settlement, industrialization, transportation and infrastructure on the Kızılırmak Delta should be planned by considering all the stakeholders in the delta. The risks and advantages should be explained to the local people, and all the plans to be made should be adopted by the local people.
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