Özet:

Businesses carried out worldwide have been influenced by the phenomenon of Globalization 4.0. has allowed us to make various changes in all aspects and activities of the human being in different countries where an essential interdependence of markets was reflected. However, they allow reflection on all economic activities. In the particular case of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), this phenomenon creates an uncertain environment and opens the opportunity to develop a competitive environment and identify challenges and opportunities. Many elements are considered incident factors caused by Globalization 4.0 that affect Mexican SMEs. This work shows what factors affect the economic aspects and how the cultural factor is significant; the challenge of teamwork, cooperation, unity, and management of existing resources is also considered. Although Mexico has an influential business culture, it is not implemented in these companies; some seem unaware of a situation limiting their participation in conducting international business and improving their global competitiveness. This article shows the results of qualitative research based on the grounded theory proposed by Glaser and Strauss in 1967; the results obtained show how it is necessary to develop cultural aspects so that SMEs can achieve development and permanence over time. Globalization 4.0 is a phenomenon that affects international companies and represents actions and strategies to have an advantage over other companies, but what happens with SMEs is different; these types of companies do not have economic resources, and globalization 4.0 becomes a disadvantage. In our study, 80 % of SMEs do not have a business culture and are not prepared for globalization 4.0, and we also found that time is wasted on bad practices in 35 % of Mexican SMEs; training was lacking in 32 % of educational cases. Supporting Agency We appreciate the facilities granted to carry out this work to the Instituto Politécnico Nacional through the Secretariat of Research and Postgraduate with the SIP: 20220233, 20220556, and 20221302 projects. Furthermore, to the Interdisciplinary Unit of Engineering and Social and Administrative Sciences, Center for Technological Innovation and Development in Computing and Digital Technologies Research and Development Center. Likewise, the Program of Stimulus to the Researchers' Performance (EDI) and the Program of Stimulus COFAA, PEDD, CONACYT, and Instituto Técnologico Superior del Oriente del Estado de Hidalgo (ITESA). Author Biographies Raul Junior Sandoval-Gomez, Instituto Politecnico Nacional PhD. Public Relations Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research of the Interdisciplinary Professional Unit of Social and Administrative Sciences of the IPN

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