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  Citation Number 13
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Zemahşerî’nin Kıraatleri Kabul Şartları
2015
Journal:  
Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
Author:  
Abstract:

Öz: Mutezile mezhebine mensup âlimlerin önde gelen simalarından olan Mahmûd b. Ömer b. Muhammed b. Ömer’dir. Künyesi Ebü’l-Kâsım ez-Zemahşerî’nin (467-538/1075-1144) el-Keşşâf an hakâiki ğavâmizi’t-tenzîl ve ‘uyûni’l-ekâvîl fî vücûhi’t-te’vîl isimli eserinin, tefsir literatüründe önemli bir yere sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Keşşâf, hacim itibariyle, muhtasar bir tefsir olmasına rağmen, Zemahşerî onda, sahih-şâz, pek çok kıraat ihtilafı nakletmiştir. O, kıraatleri naklederken onların sahih veya şâz olduklarını genellikle belirtmemiştir. Ayrıca naklettiği kıraatleri kurrâdan kimlerin okuduğunu da genellikle zikretmemiş; kıraat-i seb‘a imamlarının isimlerini ise nadiren anmıştır. O, tefsirinde kıraatleri kabulde gözettiği ilkelerin ne/neler olduğunu açıklamamış; bununla birlikte, bazı kıraatleri Arap dili açısından tenkide tabi tutmuştur. Zemahşerî’nin Keşşâf’ında takip ettiği bu genel metottan hareketle onun kıraatleri kabulde benimsediği ilkelerin neler olduğu merak konusu olmuştur. Bu makalede, sahih kıraatin üç şartına riayet(sizlik) açısından Zemahşerî’nin durumu tespit edilecek; böylece Zemahşerî’nin kıraatleri kabul şartları ortaya konulacaktır. Ele alınan konular, Keşşâf’tan seçilen örnekler üzerinden, diğer kaynaklarla da mukayeseli bir şekilde, ele alınacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kur’ân, Zemahşerî, Keşşâf, Tefsir, Kıraat, Sahih, Şâz. al-Zamakhshari’s Conditions for the Validity of Qiraats (Variant Readings of the Qur’an) Abstract: al-Zamakhshari (467-538/1075-1144) is one of the most important Mu’tazilite scholars. It is known that al-Zamakhshari’s commantary whose name is al-Kashshaf has an importance place in Qur’ân commantary’s literature. Dispate it is short commantary al-Zamakhshari narratives a lot of canonical/authentic (saheeh) and non-canonical (shadhdh) qiraats (variant readings of the Qur’an) in al-Kashshaf. He generally does not specify qiraats as canonical and non-canonical. In addition he mostly does not mention about readers’ (reciters) names and rarely gives the seven canonical readers’ names. He does not clarify the conditions to accept qiraats as authentic (saheeh); however he criticizes some qiraats (readings) in terms of Arabic language. It has been the matter of interest that what Zamakhshari’s conditions for the validity of a qiraats. In this article it is argued that the state of al-Zemakhshari in terms of conditions for the validity of qiraats. In this way it will be determined his conditions to accept qiraats as authentic. The topic will be explained through some examples which are chosen from al-Kashshaf comparatively with other sources. Keywords: Qur’an, commentary (tafseer), al-Zamakhshari, al- Kashshaaf, Qiraat, Variant Readings of the Qur’an, validity/authentic (saheeh), non-canonical (shadhdh).

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Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

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Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi