Özet:

It is important for students to gain the culture of discussion, to use the discussion as an effective communication tool, to make the logical inferences and questioning with the discussion. The problem status of teachers and students by using the Toulmin Discussion Model in explaining and questioning the causality of the subjects in the Social Studies course. The purpose of the study was to examine how the practices of the Social Studies course based on the Toulmin Discussion Model during the learning-teaching process in the fourth grade at primary school. In the study, the ethnographic case study of the types of case studies has been adopted. In the study, four classes of three primary schools differing in socio-economic level were considered as working groups. As data collection tools; personal information form for teachers and students, observation form, pre-application, teacher's opinions based on application process and afterwards, student logs based on application process were used. The results of the study were evaluated by observing notes from teachers and students in three different primary schools. All three teachers stated that they did not have information about Toulmin Discussion Model before the application and they used discussion, panel and question-answer methods in their class. Teachers said that the model is applicable for their classes and that they will attach importance to student acquisition and preliminary knowledge when conducting the model. It has been observed that the students of Gökyüzü and Yıldız Primary School actively participate in the research and inquiry process in practice and that the class interest, motivation and self-esteem are at a high level and that the class atmosphere has a democratic structure. It has been observed that the practices in Bulut Primary School have been carried out in a narrower frame, and the participation, self-expression and questioning period in the classes have remained at a limited level compared to other schools. Teachers stated that the model could also be applied in other lessons at primary school level, could be transferred to everyday life. Providing the opportunity to receive training for teachers about the implementation of the model and the application of the model with different methods and groups are among the recommendations.

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