Abstract:

The city of Pergamon, which was first mentioned in the historical sources in the Anabasis of Xenophon, was built on a hill on the northern slopes of Kaikos Valley (Bakırçay). Following the death of Alexander the Great, in the struggle of Diadokhoi, after the Battle of Ipsos (301 BC), Lysimakhos controlled the city and a part of the booty belonging to Lysimakhos was kept under the control of Philetairos (281-263 BC). It was one of the mighty kingdoms of the Hellenistic Period (336-30 BC) of the Pergamon Kingdom (281-133 BC) under the rule of Philetairos and his descendants following the killing of Seleukos Nikator in the following year, when Lysimakhos died in the Battle of Korupedion (281 BC). King of the last Pergamon Attalos III (138-133 BC) the experience of his predecessors showed where the sovereign power was and that the only power to control the situation was Rome. For this reason, when he died in 133 BC, he appointed Rome as the heir to the kingdom's possessions, along with the Western Anatolian sovereignty. However, in the name of Eumenes III, Aristonikos, who would try to prevent the succession of the kingdom, initiated a rebellion, Rome, which suppressed this uprising, organized the western part of the Pergamon Kingdom as Asia Province (Provincia Asia). Pergamon and other Western Anatolian cities remained independent and autonomous. 

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