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Bu makale, düşünce tarihinin ve İslâm kelâmının en eski ve en çok tartışılan problemlerinden biri olan “insanın neliği meselesi”ni, Ehl-i sünnetin kurucu âlimlerinden ve İslâm kelâmının en önemli isimlerinden biri olan İmam Mâtürîdî (ö. 333/944) örneğinde incelemeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu bağlamda makalede şu sorulara cevap aranmaktadır: İnsan nedir? İnsan tanımlarının temel referansları nelerdir? İnsanoğlu sadece ruhtan mı ibarettir? İnsanı insan yapan şey yalnızca nefs midir? İnsan bedeni onun yegâne gerçekliği midir? İnsan basit bir cevher midir, yoksa o ruh, nefs ve bedenden müteşekkil kompleks bir varlığa mı sahiptir? Bu yapılırken, Mâtürîdî’nin yöntemi izlenerek mezkûr sorulara verilen farklı cevaplar tespit edilmiş, bu cevapların dinî ve felsefî temelleri incelenmiş, iki farklı Mu’tezilî gelenek ve tabi ki Mâtürîdî’nin dönemi, takipçilerinin fikirleri, aynı şekilde Mâtürîdî’nin fikirlerine benzer ve karşıt görüşler dikkate alınmıştır. Sonuçta ise bütüncül, parçacı ve indirgemeci yaklaşımların bulunduğu insanın neliği probleminde, Kitâbü’t-Tevḥîd ve Te’vîlâtü’l-Ḳur’ân’ın tamamı okunarak Mâtürîdî’nin düşünceleri ortaya konulmuş ve onun fikirlerinin takipçileri arasında ne oranda karşılık bulduğu tespit edilmiştir.
This article is one of the oldest and most discussed issues of the history of thought and the Islamic word, the "quality issue of man", the founder of the Ehl-i Sunnah and one of the most important names of the Islamic word. 333/944) is the subject of the examination. In this context, the article is looking for answers to the following questions: What is man? What are the basic references to human definitions? Is the human being just a spirit? Is that that which makes man just a self? Is the human body its only reality? Is man a simple cave, or does he have a complex existence thanks to the soul, the soul and the body? In this case, the method of Maturidi followed the different answers given to the question of Maturidi, the religious and philosophical foundations of these answers were studied, the two different Maturidian traditions and of course the Maturidian era, the ideas of their followers, the same way the ideas of Maturidi and the opposite opinions were considered. As a result, in the question of the quality of the human being in which the whole, particle and humiliating approaches are found, the whole of the Book of Revelation and the Te'vîlâtü'l-
This article aims to examine “the question of human nature”, one of the oldest and most discussed problems of the history of thought and of the Islamic Theology, in the example of Imam Māturīdī (d. 333/944), one of the founders of Ahl al-Sunnah and one of the most important names of the Islamic Theology. In this context, the following questions are asked in the article: What is human? What are the basic references of the definitions of human? Is man just a soul? Is it only the nafs that makes human beings as human? Is the human body its only reality? Is it a simple substance, or does it have a complex entity consisting of soul, nafs and body? There are different answers to those questions. In this paper, the philosophical foundations of these answers and the projections in Islamic philosophy and theology were examined by following the method of Māturīdī. In this context two different Mu'tazilah schools and the period of Māturīdī, his followers' ideas, and the similar to ideas of Māturīdī as well as opposed views were taken into consideration. There are holistic, fragmentary and reductionist approaches to the problem of human nature. Regarding the issue, this article presented the thoughts of Māturīdī and disclosed the extent to which his ideas influenced his successors.
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