Özet:

Insufficient nutrition is a major problem for the surgical patients. Patients who are under surgery are faced with many physiological and metabolic changes that can affect their dietary condition. After surgery pain, abdominal illness, vomiting and appetite can cause problems even in small surgeries, while infection, wound healing and catabolism can create more significant problems for patients after large surgeries. These problems are more important for surgical patients with nutritional deficiency. In patients with insufficient nutrition, the risk of postoperative complications and death is higher. Nutrition deficiency can negatively affect the work of many organ systems, such as the gastrointestinal system, kidneys, heart and lungs. In these patients, the muscle strength and immune function are also damaged, and they are more inadequate against infections. The healing of the wound is mobilized and the healing period after surgery is delayed. All of these factors can lead to an extension of the duration of stay in the hospital, higher recovery rates and increased health costs. Depending on the patient’s medical condition and needs, nutrition can be applied oral, enteral and parenteral. Early oral nutrition is the preferred form of nutrition for patients in the postoperative period. In cases where the oral path is not used, enteral and parenteral nutrition support should be provided. Enteral nutrition is preferred more than parenteral nutrition because it preserves gastrointestinal functions and increases blood flow. In the postoperative period, it is the duty of every nurse to ensure that patients have access to safe, adequate and adequate nutrition and fluids. This collection assessed evidence of enteral and parenteral nutrition and nursing care in the pre- and postoperative period.

Anahtar Kelimeler: