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Suyolları ve suyollarını oluşturan mimari eserler, şehre su sağlayan teknik yapılar olmanın dışında kısmen de olsa dönemin mimari ve sanatsal anlayışını yansıtan, aynı zamanda kentle bütünleşmiş, sosyal hayattaki değişim sürecinin izlenebildiği birer mimari değerdir. Bu yazının amacı, suyolu yapı tiplerini ayrı ayrı ele alıp tanıtmak, özgün işlevleriyle, kültürel miras değerlerini ortaya koymak, sonuç olarak bir imar sisteminin parçası olan bu yapıların bütüncül olarak konservasyonlarının yapılarak gelecek nesillere aktarılması için bir temel oluşturmaktır. İstanbul’da, Osmanlı döneminin ilk suyolu tesisi 1453’de başlanan ve ileriki yıllarda genişletilen Halkalı suyoludur. Zaman içerisinde artan su ihtiyacı nedeniyle Kırkçeşme, Taksim ve son olarak da 1899-1902 yılları arasında, Sultan II. Abdülhamid tarafından yaptırılan Hamidiye Suyolu inşa edilmiştir. Bu hatların görünür izleri, ayakta kalabilmiş olan bazı anıtsal üst yapı örnekleridir. Bu çalışmada suyolu yapılarından “bentler”, “havuzlar”, “su kemerleri”, “su terazileri” ve “maksemler”in, mevcut ve yok olan örnekleri ile ele alınarak, temel nitelikleri ve kültürel miras değerleri ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu yapıların kent merkezlerinden uzakta olmaları, kullanılmadıkları için uzun süre ihmal edilmiş olmaları, ya da sadece mühendislik yapıları olarak değerlendirilmeleri sanat ve mimarlık tarihi açısından göz ardı edilmelerinin nedeni olarak görülebilir. Oysa bu yapılarda karşımıza çıkan bazı detaylar ve mimari elemanlar döneminin mimari ve bezeme üslubunun yansımalarını içermektedir. Bunun yanı sıra pastoral özellikleri nedeniyle bazı suyolu yapılarının çevresindeki açık alanların bilinçsiz bir şekilde düzenlenmesi ve bazılarının da genişleyen kent dokusu içinde kalması bu yapıların özgün kimliklerini yitirmesine neden olmuştur. Tüm bu nedenlerle, suyolu yapıları özgün işlevleri de göz önüne alınarak bir proje dâhilinde korunmalı ve bu korumanın da sürekliliği olmalıdır.
The architectural works that make up the waterways and waterways are an architectural value in which the process of change in the social life, integrated with the city, which refers to the architectural and artistic understanding of the time, but partly, in addition to being the technical structures that provide water to the city. The purpose of this article is to address and promote the types of water-based structures separately, to reveal their original functions, cultural heritage values, and, as a result, to create a foundation for the conservation of these structures, which are part of a building system, and to be transferred to future generations. In Istanbul, the first hydraulic facility of the Ottoman period is Halkalı hydraulic which began in 1453 and was expanded in the following years. As a result of the increasing water need over time, Kırkçeşme, Taksim and finally between 1899-1902 years, Sultan II. The Hamidiye Waterway was built by Abdulhamid. The visible traces of these lines are examples of some monumental upper structure that could have been standing. In this study, the examples of the water-based structures of "bents", "bads", "water bands", "water shells" and "maximes" will be dealt with, trying to reveal their basic qualities and cultural heritage values. The fact that these structures are far from the city centers, that they have been forgotten for a long time because they have not been used, or that they are only considered to be engineering structures can be seen as the reason why they are ignored in terms of art and architecture history. However, some of the details that we face in these structures and the architectural elements include the reflection of the architectural and structural style of the period. Furthermore, the unconscious arrangement of the open spaces around some waterproof structures due to their pastoral characteristics and the remaining of some in the expanding urban tissue have led to the loss of their original identity. For all these reasons, waterproof structures must be protected within a project, taking into account their original functions, and this protection must also be continuous.
Although the water supply lines and the architectural structures which make up the system are technical structures conveying water to the city, they also have partially an architectural significance in tracing the evaluation of the social life of the society of the city, since they reflect the architectural and artistic perception of the period. The aim of this survey is to introduce the building types of the supply line, present their original functions and value as a cultural heritage that will provide a basis for an integrated conservation of these buildings, which are a part of a public works project, to hand down the next generations. The earliest water supply system of the Ottoman Period in İstanbul is the Halkalı water supply line. Its construction had started in 1453 and the system was extended in the following years. Throughout the centuries water demand of the city increased, thus the Kırkçeşme, Taksim and lastly by Sultan Abdülhamid II between 1899 and 1902 the Hamidiye water supply lines were constructed. The visual traces of these supply lines are some of the monumental superstructures that had survived till today. In the survey the existing and non-existing “dams”, “pools”, “aqueducts”, “water towers” and “distribution chambers” of the water supply structures are presented regarding their basic characteristics and cultural heritage value. The fact that these structures being far away from the town center, being neglected for a long time or being evaluated just as engineering structures could be considered as a reason for them to be ignored in the field of art and architectural history. But some details and architectural elements these buildings possesses reflects the architectural and decorative style of the period. Besides this, due to the pastoral feature of the landscape in the vicinity of some of the supply line buildings caused a senseless public domain developments and some of them lie within the residential areas developed in the 21st century that caused a loose in their original identity. Due to all these reasons the water supply line structures should be conserved with a sustainable project by considering their original functions.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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