Özet:

Sharh (Commentary) culture, which is an important literary and scientific style in Muslim intellectual life, is criticized from various aspects. Some of these are positive, some are negative, and some consist of serious accusations that go beyond the intended purpose. Sharh literature emerged as a result of a scientific effort shaped around the reinterpretation of classical works and founding texts in any branch of science by researchers in later periods. There are different reasons for reconsidering the issues in the commented works. The most important of these is that the issues expressed in works of critical importance for the branches of science are re-examined according to the needs of the period and presented to the reader's attention for easy understanding. Commentators try to explain the topics by expanding them with some additional explanations and examples in order to better understand the general expressions in the main texts and to clarify the obscure issues. While doing this, they sometimes engage in discussions that are not in the main text; However, they generally remain within the universe of meaning of the works they annotate. In terms of the science of theology, the creed texts have the feature of being main texts. Therefore, many creedal texts summarizing the principles of belief were written in various periods. In the creed texts, Islamic creeds are summarized in a short and concise manner and presented to the public. Among these texts, which present the Islamic creed in a short and concise way for the benefit of the public, the doctrinal text named "Aqāid al-Nasafī" written by Umar al-Nasafī has an important place and the commentary of this text the work called "Sharh al-Aqāid" written by Mas‘ūd b. Fahraddīn al-Taftāzānī is the most famous commentary in the tradition of kalam commentary. In this study, information will be given about the extensive literature consisting of hāshiya and ta'liqs written in different times and places on the work called Sharh al-Aqāid, which is also a commentary. The literature in question is important not only in terms of religious sciences but also in terms of Muslim culture and thought. The aim of the study is to reach an opinion on what Sharh al-Aqāid literature means today by providing information about how Sharh al-Aqāid literature is understood in Muslim societies in scientific, social and religious terms, and by making a comparative analysis among them. In the research, the works meant by the concept of Sharh al-Aqāid literature are commentaries of the type of hāshiya and ta'liq, other than Matn al-Aqāid and Sharh al-Aqāid. In the study, on the one hand, catalogues in the libraries that can be detected, especially the digital scanning method, were scanned and all the literature in the annotation type was tried to be recorded. On the other hand, while explaining the basic subjects, the hāshiya of three of the most famous commentators of Sharh al-Aqāid (Hayālī, Kastalī and Ramadan Efendi) were examined. Sharh al-Aqāid literature has a strong and widespread influence that has continued for centuries in the shaping of Muslim theology. In this context, it is very important to determine which studies the relevant literature consists of and how far the borders where it has the opportunity to spread in the Muslim geography extend, from a sociological as well as a religious point of view. Because the use of Sharh al-Aqāid literature in various stages of the educational curriculum and in responding to certain social expectations since the fourteenth century has carried its value beyond the scientific to a socio-cultural level. The first thing that stands out in the research conducted on Sharh al-Aqāid Literature is that although it seems that the same topics are always mentioned in the hāshiyaes and ta'liks, when you go into detail, each topic actually touches upon the questions and problems that came to the fore in its own period. While these problems are sometimes related to debates between different theological schools, sometimes they are related to conflicts between some groups with social and political goals. In this respect, Sharh al-Aqāid literature constitutes a valuable basis for other branches of science in terms of providing cross-reading opportunities on scientific, social and political issues that will shed light on a period of Muslim cultural history. In the research, the inductive method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used because it allows a result-oriented analysis based on the information obtained specifically from different works in accordance with the subject and purposes of the study.

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