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Aurelianus, Roma İmparatorluğu’nun yaklaşık elli yıllık bir sürecini kapsayan ve literatürde Üçüncü Yüzyıl Krizi olarak bilinen dönemde iktidara gelmiştir. İktidar üzerinde etkili olan askerler tarafından 270 yılında imparator ilan edilen Aurelianus kısa süren hakimiyetine rağmen imparatorluğun toparlanmasına katkıda bulunmuştur. Özellikle 260 yılında Roma İmparatorluğu’ndan ayrılan Gallia’nın bağımsız bir imparatorluğa dönüşmesiyle Roma parçalanmanın eşiğine gelmiştir. Aurelianus, Gallia İmparatorluğu’na son vererek Roma’ya kaybedilen toprakları yeniden kazandırmıştır. Askeri zaferleri Gallia ile sınırlı kalmamış, Doğu’da büyüyen bir tehlike olan Palmyra Krallığı’na da son vermiştir. Aurelianus’un Roma İmparatorluğu’nun toparlanmasına katkısı sadece askeri başarılarla olmamış, sosyal, ekonomik, dini ve askeri reformlarıyla da katkıda bulunmuştur. Kriz boyunca sürekli değer kaybeden para sisteminin iyileştirilmesi için girişimlerde bulunmuş ve halka dağıtılan yardımları düzenlemiştir. Her an isyan etmek üzere hazır olan askerler üzerinde kontrolünü artırmaya çalışmıştır. Halkın mallarına haksızca el koyan ve yağmalama yapan askerler şiddetli bir şekilde cezalandırılmıştır. Aurelianus halk arasında zayıflayan Roma dini geleneklerini canlandırmak üzere dini meselelerle de ilgilenmiştir. Halk ve imparator arasında tanrısal bir aracı olarak kendi iktidarına meşruiyet kazandırmak amacıyla Doğu kültü olan Sol Invictus’u Roma panteonuna dahil etmiştir. Yapmış olduğu bir dizi yenilik ve Roma geleneklerinin iyileştirilmesiyle imparatorluğun Üçüncü Yüzyıl Krizinden kurtulmasını kolaylaştırmıştır. Bu çalışmada Aurelianus’un Roma İmparatorluğu’nu istikrara kavuşturmak için yapmış olduğu reformlar ve bunların etkileri incelenecektir.
Aurelianus came to power during a period of about fifty years of the Roman Empire and known in literature as the Third Century Crisis. Despite the short-term domination of Aurelianus, which was declared emperor in 270 by the soldiers who influenced the power, it contributed to the restoration of the empire. In particular, with the transition of Gallia, which left the Roman Empire in 260 into an independent empire, Rome came to the threshold of the breakdown. Aurelianus destroyed the Empire of Gallia and regained the lost land to Rome. His military victories have also ended the Kingdom of Palmyra, a growing danger in the East, not limited to Gallia. Aurelianus' contribution to the restoration of the Roman Empire has not only contributed to military success, but also contributed to social, economic, religious and military reforms. In the course of the crisis, he has made efforts to improve the monetary system that has constantly lost value and has arranged publicly distributed aid. He tried to increase control over the soldiers who were ready to rebel at any time. The soldiers who unfairly stole and steal the people’s property were severely punished. Aurelianus was also concerned with religious issues to revive the weakened Roman religious traditions among the people. As a divine means between the people and the emperor, he incorporated Sol Invictus, the Eastern cult, into the Roman Pantheon in order to legitimize his power. With a series of innovations and the improvement of the Roman traditions, it made it easier for the empire to get rid of the Third Century Crisis. This study will explore the reforms that Aurelianus made to stabilize the Roman Empire and their effects.
Aurelian came to power in what is known in the literature as the Third Century Crisis, which covered nearly fifty years of the Roman Empire. Aurelianus, who was proclaimed emperor in 270 by the soldiers who were influential in power, contributed to the recovery of the empire despite his short rule. Especially when Gallia, where separated from the Roman Empire in 260, turned into an independent empire, Rome came to the brink of disintegration. Aurelian put an end to the Gallia Empire and regained the lands lost to Rome. His military victories were not limited to Gallia, but also put an end to the Palmyra Kingdom, which was a growing danger in the East. Aurelian's contribution to the recovery of the Roman Empire was not only through military successes, but also with social, economic, religious and military reforms. It took initiatives to improve the monetary system, which constantly depreciated during the crisis, and organized aid distributed to the public. He tried to increase his control over the soldiers who were ready to revolt at any moment. Soldiers who unjustly seized and looted people's property were severely punished. Aurelian was also interested in religious matters to revive the weakened Roman religious traditions among the population. He included the Eastern cult Sol Invictus in the Roman pantheon in order to legitimize his power as a divine intermediary between the people and the emperor.
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