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Meşhur 20. yüzyılın önemli tarihçi, düşünür ve diplomatlarından biri olan Arnold J. Toynbee, ortaya koyduğu fikirler ve kaleme aldığı eserlerle dikkat çekmiştir. Onun, ilgi gösterdiği hususlar içerisinde Türkiye de bulunmuştur. Toynbee, Türkiye seyahati sonrası, 1949 yılında edindiği izlenim ve değerlendirmede Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e intikal sürecinin, geçmiş ile temas yitirilmeksizin Türk yaşayış tarzının modernleştirilebileceği kanaatinde olduğunu belirtmiştir.
Toynbee, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin 25. yılında, bir çeyrek asır içinde yeni bir nesil yetiştiğini, Türk milletinin olağanüstü kurtuluşunun uzun süre devam edebilmesi için işlerinin düzeltilmesinin gerekliliğini anladığını, bu bağlamda Kemal Atatürk’ün önderliğinde 1923’ten 1928’e ilk beş sene zarfında mecburî görünen inkılâplara girişildiği, bunların ivedilikle ele alınmamış olması durumunda bu inkılâpların gerçekleştirilmesinin nesiller ve asırların işi olacağı, Türkler’in bütün enerjilerini kendi millî toprakları üzerinde bir millî hayat geliştirmeye topladıkları, ilk senelerde vücuda getirilen başlıca inkılâpların devletin lâikleşmesi, kadınların hürriyete kavuşması, Lâtin harflerinin kabulü, modern teknoloji ve ticaret sisteminin kavranması olduğu üzerinde durmuştur.
Toynbee, modernleşmede zamana bağlı olan ve bu emeği 450 sene gibi bir süreye dağıtan İngilizler için bu gelişimin bir ömür içerisine sığdırılmasının anlaşılmasının kolay olmayacağına, yukarıda dile getirilen reformların her birisinin birer inkılâp olduğuna, Türkler’in bunların hepsini birlikte gerçekleştirdiklerine, 25 sene önce Türk milletinin kendi çabalarıyla kendisini kurtarmak işine giriştiği vakit dayanılması güç bir iş karşısında bulunulduğuna, Atatürk’ün o zaman Türkler’in muhtaç oldukları adam olarak ortaya çıktığına değinmiştir.
Toynbee, içinde bulunulan zamanda, Türkler’in karşı karşıya oldukları önemli meselelerin Türk yaşayış tarzının geçmiş ile ilişki koparılmaksızın nasıl modernleştirilebileceği, köylerin süratli değişikliklere nasıl ayak uydurabilecekleri ve çok partili tam bir demokrasi rejimine ciddi bir sarsıntıya meydan vermeksizin nasıl geçilebileceği olduğuna dikkat çekmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, Arnold J. Toynbee’nin 1948 yılı Türkiye ziyareti sonrası kaleme aldığı yazı ile Türkiye ile ilgili izlenim ve intibaları ele alınmış ve bir değerlendirilmeye tâbi tutulmuştur. Araştırma, arşiv belgelerine dayalı olup, telif ve tetkik eserlerden de istifade edilmiştir.
Arnold J. Toynbee, one of the most famous historians, thinkers and diplomats of the 20th century, has attracted his attention with his ideas and his works. He was also interested in Turkey. Toynbee pointed out that after his trip to Turkey, his impression and assessment in 1949 was that the process of revenge from the Ottoman to the Republic could be modernized without losing contact with the past.
Toynbee, the 25th Republic of Turkey. In the year, a quarter of a century, a new generation has grown up, the Turkish nation understands the need to correct its work in order to continue the extraordinary liberation for a long time, in this context, under the leadership of Kemal Atatürk in the first five years of 1923 to 1928 appeared to be compulsory incrusts, in the event that they were not treated with the need, the realization of these incrusts will be the work of generations and centuries, the Turkish people have gathered all their energies to develop a national life on their own national territory, the main incrusts brought into the body in the first years, the state of the incrusts, the women's incrusts, the law of the law of the law of the law of the law of the law of the law of the law of the law of the law.
Toynbee pointed out that it would not be easy for the British to understand that this development was adhered to a lifetime, that each of the above-mentioned reforms was one-in-one, that the Turks accomplished all of them together, that 25 years ago the Turkish people entered the work of rescue themselves with their own efforts, that Atatürk appeared as the man they needed.
Toynbee, at the time found, noted how the important issues that the Turks face can be modernized without distorting the relationship of the Turkish lifestyle with the past, how the villages can stand up to rapid changes and how it can be passed without challenging a serious shock to a full multi-party democratic regime.
In this study, Arnold J. Toynbee's letter after his visit to Turkey in 1948 discussed the impressions and incentives about Turkey and followed an assessment. The research is based on archive documents and is also based on authorship and inspection works.
Arnold Toynbee, one of the famous historian philosophers and diplomats of the 20th century, has drawn attention with his ideas and studies executed by him. He interests in some topics in which founded topics considered Turkey as well. After the travel of Turkey, Toynbee, in the evaluation and impression obtained bu him in 1941, the process of transition from Ottoman to Republic of Turkey, declared that he considered that Turkish Lifestyle can be modernised without breaking with past.
Toynbee mentionedin his studies about Turkey include a new generation that grown up in the 25th year of the establishment og the Rebuplic of Turkey, the necessity of correting the works of the Turkish Nation for the long-term extraordinary survival of the Turkish Nation in the sense embarking the reforms presumed compulsory during the first 5 years from 1923 to 1928 with leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, in the case of not addressing, of them immediately executing of these reforms made will be the job of generations and centuries, Turkish people spend all their energies on a national life on their national territory, pricipal reforms made in first few years purposes the secularization of government, liberating of women, adopting of Latin alphabets, apprehending of modern teknologies and commercial systems.
Toynbee, touched on that it would not be easy for English people to understand that this development had to be fitted in a life; the reforms mentioned above were each revolutions; the Turkish people realised all of them together; 25 years before, when the Turkish people attempted to save themselves with their own struggle, they faced of an action which was unendurable; Atatürk emerged as a man that Turkish people needed at that time.
Toynbee, at the time, draw attention to the significant issues that Turkish people face how the Turkish living style could be modernised without breaking connection with the past, how the towns kept up with rapid changes and how to move towards to the multi-party system without causing significant tremor.
In this study, the writing of Arnold J. Toynbee that he wrote up following his visit to Turkey in 1948 and his impressions and feelings about Turkey have been handled and evaluated. Research is based in based on the archive documnets and copright and workup works have been utilized.
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