Abstract:

Serbia, which won its independence from the Ottoman State by the 1878 Berlin Treaty, was the scene of important events after independence. The conflict between the Obrenovich and Karacorcević dynasty in 1903 ended in favor of the Karacorcević dynasty, thanks to the complot officers, and a new period began in Serbia. The relationship between King Peter and the conspiracy officers in the next period will be decisive. The Grand Prince Alexander and the leader of the Radicals Nikola Pasiç and the complott officers of Apis named Dragutin Dimitriyevich are the main actors of this period. In October 1908, Austria-Hungary joined Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is the historic emile of Serbia, which would increase national sensitivity in the country. There will be various organizations that will be established, such as Narodna Odbrana (National Defense). However, a new organization was decided in 1909, with the recognition of Serbia's unity and the restriction of actions in Macedonia. On May 22, 1911, the Unity or Death (Black Hand) was formally established. The Ottoman State will be informed of the organization, six months later, through the Belgrade press, and the Belgrade ambassador Fuad Hikmet will inform the Minister of Foreign Affairs Asim Bey with reports for five months. Politics, Dnevni List, Piemont, Novo Vreme, Youtro, Tribuna and other newspapers will comment on the organization. The Austrian-Hungarian Empire will also be informed through the organization’s diplomats and spies. The work, which aims to provide information about the situation of the organization before and after the Balkan Wars, also highlights the situation of Apis from the main actors of this organization. Specifically, the relations between Apis, Nikola Pasiç, and Grand Prince Alexander will also be assessed in this context.

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