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Orhan Kemal’in ilk baskısı 1954 yılında yayımlanan Bereketli Topraklar Üzerinde romanı, 1940’lı yıllarla birlikte Türk tarımında makineleşmenin gelişimine koşut olarak oluşan toprağa bağlı ekonomik, sosyolojik ve kültürel sorunlar nedeniyle sınıfsal farkların keskinleştiği Çukurova bölgesinin toplumsal bir panoramasını çizer. Eserde şehirli-köylü arasındaki sınıfsal farklılıklar ve çatışma, kapitalist çalışma düzeninin neden olduğu emeğin değersizleştirilmesi ve sömürü, ağır koşullar altında çalışan insanların yaşamlarının önemsenmeyişini işaret eden etik ihlaller, sermaye ile emek arasındaki ekonomik uçurumun neden olduğu sosyolojik ve kültürel sorunlar ve kırsaldan şehre değişen toplumsal değerler ele alınır. İş edinmek amacıyla köyden şehre giden baş karakterlerin fabrika-şantiye-çiftlik üçgeninde çalışma koşullarının gerçekçi bir yaklaşımla sergilendiği roman, kapitalist çalışma düzeni içerisinde verilen hayatta kalma mücadelesini yolculuk teması bağlamında sembolikleştirir. Destanlardan masallara, efsanelerden romanlara dek kahramanın varoluş amacını aradığı, erginleşme sürecini içeren evrensel bir tema olan ‘yolculuğun’ ürettiği bu sembolik anlam, roman karakterlerinin işsizliğin neden olduğu erkeklik krizini atlatmak için erkekliğin toplumsal onay ve kabul gördüğü en önemli basamaklardan olan ‘iş’i edinerek eril kimliklerini ispatlamak amacıyla çıktıkları, mücadelelerle dolu ‘erkek olma’ savaşımı üzerinden okunabilir. Bununla birlikte roman, gerek karakterlerinin yolculuk bağlamında sergiledikleri erkeklik pratiklerinin yazarın bu erkekliklerle sıklıkla temas ettiği öz yaşamından hareketle gözleme dayalı bir kurgunun verimi olması gerekse eril-dişil ayrımının sürekli üretim hâlinde olduğu fabrika, şantiye, çiftlik gibi ‘cinsiyetlendirilmiş mekânlar’ içerisinde erkeklikler arasındaki ilişkileri ele alması gibi nedenlerle köylü-şehirli, ezen-ezilen karşıtlığında erkekliğin ele alınış biçimini örnekler. Bu çalışmada, Bereketli Topraklar Üzerinde romanının önce Türk edebiyatındaki konumu üzerinde durulacak, erkekliğin sosyalizasyonunu temellendiren erkeklik literatürü tanıtılacak ve literatürün sunduğu yaklaşımla roman çözümlenerek, köyden şehre uzanan bir çerçevede hegemenonik erkeklik değerleri ile işçi sınıfı erkeklik değerlerinin romandaki yansımaları tartışılacaktır.
Orhan Kemal's first edition published in 1954. On the Blessed Land His novel depicts a social panorama of the Çukurova region, where class differences are sharpened due to the economic, sociological and cultural problems associated with the soil, which formed as a condition for the development of machinery in the Turkish agriculture in the 1940s. The work addresses the class differences and conflicts between the urban and rural, the devaluation and exploitation of labour caused by the capitalist working system, the ethical violations that indicate the lack of importance of the lives of the working people under severe conditions, the socio-cultural problems caused by the economic gap between capital and labour and the social values that change from rural to urban. The novel, in which the working conditions of the main characters who go from the village to the city in the factory-factory-double triangle are displayed in a realistic approach, symbolizes the struggle for survival given in the capitalist working system in the context of the travel theme. This symbolic meaning produced by the 'travel', a universal theme that the hero is seeking the purpose of existence, from fairy tales to stories, from legends to novels, can be read through the struggling 'man' struggle that the characters of the novel come out to prove their heroic identity by acquiring the 'work', which is one of the most important stages of social acceptance and acceptance of mankind to overcome the male crisis caused by unemployment. However, the novel is the result of a fiction based on observation from the own life of the mankind practices they show in the context of the journey of the characters and the writer is often contacted with these mankind, if it is necessary to be the result of a fiction based on observation from the own life of the mankind, the factory, the factory, the farming, the factory, the factory, the factory, the factory, the factory, the factory, the factory, the factory, the factory, the factory, the factory, the factory, the factory, and the factory. In this work, On the Blessed Land The novel will first focus on its position in Turkish literature, the masculine literature that is based on the socialization of masculinity will be introduced and the novel will be resolved with the approach that the literature offers, and in a framework that extends from village to city, the hegemonic masculine values and the reflections of the masculine values of the working class will be discussed in the novel.
Orhan Kemal’s novel Bereketli Topraklar Uzerinde, whose first edition was published in 1954, draws a social panorama of the Çukurova region, where class differences have become sharper due to the economic, sociological and cultural problems related to the soil, which occurred in parallel with the development of mechanization in Turkish agriculture in the 1940s. In the novel, class differences and conflict between the urban and peasant, the devaluation and exploitation of labor caused by the capitalist working order, ethical violations pointing to the disregard of the lives of people working under harsh conditions, sociological and cultural problems caused by the economic gap between capital and labor, and social values changing from rural to urban areas is handled. The novel, in which the working conditions in the factory-construction site-farm triangle of the main characters, who go from the village to the city to get a job, are presented with a realistic approach, symbolizes the struggle for survival in the capitalist working order in the context of the journey theme. From epics to fairy tales, from legends to novels, this symbolic meaning produced by the ‘journey’, which is a universal theme that includes the maturation process, in which the hero seeks the purpose of existence, in order to overcome the masculinity crisis caused by unemployment, the characters of the novel acquire ‘work’, which is one of the most important steps in which masculinity is socially approved and accepted. It can be read through the struggle to ‘become a man’, which is full of struggles to prove their masculine identity. However, the novel deals with the relationships between masculinities in ‘gendered space’ such as factories, construction sites and farms, where the masculine practices of the characters in the context of their journey are the productivity of an observation-based fiction based on the author’s own life, where he frequently comes into contact with these masculinities, and the masculine-female distinction is constantly in production. It exemplifies the way masculinity is handled in the peasant-urban, oppressor-oppressed opposition. In this study, the position of the novel Bereketli Topraklar Uzerinde in Turkish literature will be emphasized first, the masculinity literature that bases the socialization of masculinity will be introduced, and the novel will be analyzed with the approach presented by the literature, and the reflections of hegemenonic masculinity values and working class masculinity values in the novel will be discussed in a framework extending from the village to the city.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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