Özet:

Melhame, whose dictionary meaning is "bloody and great war, battle", emerged as a literary and folkloric genre based on the interpretation of events and situations that will/could occur based on natural events, and has attracted the attention of human beings throughout the ages. Human beings, who sleep with nature, wake up with nature, feed with nature, in short, live with nature, have shown interest in this species and have tried to organize their social life within the framework of these predictions. In the melhames, which can also be considered as books of meteorological and astrological information, the twelve months of the year and the effects of astrological events that will occur during this period on people and the world in the future are mentioned. The subjects of the works, which deal with many natural events such as rain, solar eclipses, earthquakes and thunder, have a remarkable content. Although it is a type of "yıldızname", the fact that social issues rather than personal issues are discussed in melhames, unlike the genres written in the "yıldızname" tradition, requires this genre to have an interdisciplinary nature. In terms of their content, the poems provide important information primarily about astronomy, then medicine, botany, and the culture and management of ancient civilizations, and also reveal the vocabulary related to these fields in the language in which they are written. There are many copies of the genre, the first examples of which were found through translation from Persian in the Old Oghuz Turkish Period in the 15th century, both at home and abroad. The manuscript that is the subject of the study is an example of prose melhame that is made available digitally by Harvard University's Houghton Library and is in MS Turk catalog number 13. The name of the work is Kitâb-ı Usûl-i Melhame. The work written by Yunus bin Sakka has 22 leaves. It was written in a clear and legible naskh style. In the copy, which is missing from the beginning, only comments about the three months are included, contrary to the melhame tradition. The work, dated to the year 841 Hijri, is one of the first examples of the genre in Turkish. The work, which generally reflects the spelling, phonetic and morphological characteristics of Old Oghuz Turkish, also shows that Turkish, in terms of vocabulary, is capable of covering terms related to botany, medicine, astronomy and state administration in the 15th century. In the study where general information about writing is given, the place of writing among the melhames, language features and vocabulary will be emphasized.