Özet:

Today, the birth history of modern medicine in Turkey is explained from the perspective of the Ottoman Empire, centered in Istanbul. Considering the breadth of the empire’s geography, the possibility of comparison provided by evaluating the medical reform from different perspectives is of great importance. The aim of this study is to analyze the contemporary literature on the reforms in medical education and service in Egypt in the 19th century. Based on the works of J. Heyworth-Dunne, Laverne Kuhnke, Amira el-Azhary Sonbol, Christian Jean Dubois, Serge Jagailloux, Khaled Fahmy and Abul-Magd the situation and goals of the modern Egyptian medical history in the early 19th century will be examined. This article also focuses on the transformation of the health institution that concerns the individual and society in Egypt from a different perspective, apart from the field of political and international relations in modern literature. Research on medicine in Egypt, especially in the first half of the century, focuses on how modern medical practices fit into traditional medicine and belief. On the Other hand, these studies prove that modern medical education and professionalization existed before Egypt came under British colonial rule in 1882. According to this, local doctors, midwives (hekime), barber surgeons were the intermediaries who established the relationship of the Egyptian people with modern medicine. As a matter of fact, the medical profession in Egypt was born at the Abu Za’abel military hospital and medical school, which was founded by the French Dr. Clot (1793-1868) on the orders of Mehmed Ali Pasha and where foreign doctors were trained. Based on this information, we consider the role of medical reform in the formation of national identity in Egypt important because it makes primary, secondary and high school education in the Arabic language necessary for medical education necessary.

Anahtar Kelimeler: