Özet:

Qaside-i Khamriyya (meaning Wine Eulogy) of sufi poet Ibn-i Fārıḍ, in which he explained divine love through the metaphor of wine, attracted great attention in Islamic world and was translated into Arabic, Persian and Turkish. Scholars such as David-i Qayseri (d. 751 AH/1350 AD), Kemal Pashazāde (d. 940 AH/1534 AD), Abdulghani an-Nablusi (d. 1143 AH/1731 AD), Ibn Acibe (d. 1224 AH/1809 AD) explained this eulogy in Arabic, while poets such as Ali b. Shihābiddin al-Hamadāni (d. 786 AH/1385 AD), Molla Cāmi (d. 898 AH/1492 AD), Idris-i Bitlisi (d. 926 AH/1520 AD) wrote commentaries in Persian. On the other hand, authors such as Abdussalam b. Numan b. Khalil (d. 1000 AH/1592 AD [?]), Ismail Anqaravi (d. 1041 AH/1631 AD), Abdulmacid-i Sivasi (d. 1049 AH/1639 AD), Qara Musṭafa Khulūsi (d. 1344 AH/1926 AD), Meḥmed Naım (d. 1345 AH/1926 AD) and ahir al-Mavlavi (d. 1371 AH/1951 AD) translated the eulogy into Turkish. One of the authors who translators of this eulogy was Mehmed Said Efendi, sheikh of Uskudar Salimiya Takka, who lived in the 19th century. His work named arab-ġ (meaning Pleasure-provoking) is a condensed commentary with ornate prose of Qaside-i Khamriyya. In previous studies, arab-ġ was partly examined, and there was no mention about the identity and personality of the author. In the present research, the life and personality of Meḥmed Said Efendi is explained and the text of his work is examined. Summary: In Turkish literature which developed under the influence of Islam, translations and commentaries have an important place along with original texts. Coming within the sphere of Islam in the early 10th century, Turks embarked on translating the texts immediately in order to learn their new religion and to perform its practices and continued to do so since then. Because they lived in the same culture and civilization climate, Turks learned Islam from Persians and were influenced by Persian language. However, adherents of this new religion also made direct translations from Arabic texts. The translations were initially made from religious works, but in time social, cultural and literary works, such as Persian classics and major eulogies of Arabic Literature, were also translated into Turkish by Turkish scholars. Qaside-i Burde by Ka'b b. Zuheyr (d. 24 AH/645 AD), Qaside-i Nūniyye by Ebu'l-Fetḥ Busti (d. 400 AH/1010 AD), Qaside-i anṭarāniyye by anṭarāni (d. 485 AH/1092 AD), Qaside-i Münferice by Ibn'n-Naḥvi (d. 513 AH/1119 AD), Qaside-i Emāli by Ali b. Othman al-Ushi (d. 575 AH/1179 AD) and famous eulogy named Qaside-i Bure by Muhammad b. Said al-Buṣiri (d. 695 AH/1296 AD) were among such works. Qaside-i Khamriyya by sufi poet Ibn-i Fārıḍ (d. 632 AH/1235 AD), also called sultan of minstrels, in which he explained divine love through wine attracted great attention in Islamic world and was translated into many languages and many commentaries were written on it. One of the commentary writers about this eulogy is Meḥmed Said Efendi, a 19th century sufi. His work entitled arab-adeed is a condensed commentary with ornate prose of Qaside-i Khamriyya. Studies conducted so far has partially dealt with the arab-ġ and identity and personality of Meḥmed Said Efendi have never been mentioned. Ṣarac mentioned, "It is a printed work but its writer, printing date, and the place was not found on the printed work", while Lightning used the expression of "a work whose writer and production date is not known." in his ph. by D. Thesis entitled Translation and Commentary Tradition in Classical Turkish Literature in Anatolia, The author noted that the work belongs to Meḥmed Said, which was later cited by Aqdag. The final statement on this issue was made by Ince in his work entitled Arabic, Persian and Turkish comments of Qaside-i Khamriyya by Ibnu'l Fārıḍ. He examined a total of 18 comments and stated that no information is available about the life of Meḥmed Said although he mentioned arab-ġ. The date and place of the birth of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad are unknown. He is grandchild of Ali Behjet Efendi (d. 1238 AH/1823 AD), one of sheiks in Salimiya Dervish Lodge in Uskudar and son of Meḥmed Hidāyetullah Efendi (d. 1288 AH/1871 AD). Following the death of his father, Meḥmed Said Efendi himself served as the head dervish of this dervish lodge for 25 years and became a famous figure. He died in 1313 AH/1896 AD and was buried in the cemetery of the Salimiya Dervish Lodge. Meḥmed Said Efendi was the sixth sheikh of Salimiya Dervish Lodge. In many sources, he was mentioned as a venerable, righteous, devoutly religious, virtuous, polite and scholarly man. Meḥmed Said Efendi is thought to be a member of Mavlavi lodge of Naqshbandi ariqa. He had successors such as Naqshi sheikh Uskudari Balabani Ḥasan Ḥusnu Efendi (d. 1347 AH/1928 AD) and Ismail Efendi (d. after 1307 AH/1890 AD). The poet had a commentary named in prose form and had a quatrain within the praising eulogy of Sheikh Ḥāmil Efendi (d. 1322 AH/1904 AD), head sheikh of Beylerbeyi Bedevi Dervish Lodge. It is clear from the expression, "A work by Meḥmed Said, the Imam of Central Dervish Lodge of Sultan Salim III," at the beginning of Edition no: 450 in Suleymaniye Library, Pertev Pasha Collection and from the record of "Work: arab-adeed, Author: Ibnu'l-Fārıḍ, Translator and postscript writer: Meḥmed Said" in Edition no: 7350 of Marmara University Faculty of Theology Library that this work belongs to Sheikh Meḥmed Said Efendi. However, the exact production date of this printed work is not known. The work consisted of 28 pages and in some editions a two-page correct-false chart was added. As usual, the work starts with an introduction section with expressions of "By the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful," "Praise be to God," and "Peace be upon the Prophet Muhammad." This section also includes a praise for followers of Prophet Muhammad, "Who made sphere of prophecy an eternal rose garden through the holy light of their maners in addition to making the Shari'a candles shined and converting them to great flowers of service with their strong inspiration torchs. The commentator then embarked on praising Qaside-i Khamriyya, mentioning that the men of ability became helpless in explaining of beauty, charm and freshness of unique expression richness and refined allegory flowers of the eulogy and that reaching the shore of rhetoric could be possible through diving into the guided wisdom of the sea. In fact, according to commentator, the men of literature should be aware of the difficulty of translating this unique eulogy into Turkish language. However, everyone should dive into the sea of insight as a knowledge diver, collect its share in pearls of utterance and in emeralds of wits, arrange and put them in the string of prose. Therefore, he wrote the commentary about the eulogy as a service to humanity and as a contribution to his own stock of comfort in the present and afterlife as much as he could, no matter how little it could be, and named it arab-ġ. Like most commentators of Qaside-i Khamriyya, Meḥmed Said Efendi commented on only about 33 couplets of the eulogy which contained a total of 41 couplets, and did not cover couplets from 23 to 30 in his work. The commentator used couplet-by- couplet translation method and started with praising for Ibn-i Fārıḍ and his couplets. Then, he gives the Arabic originals of the couplets and starts commentary with the expressions such as "couplets of great intuition, image couplets, product of couplet, enlightenment of couplet and concept of couplet. In the preface section of the work, the commentator, who usually quoted hadith texts in Arabic and poems, does not use them in his commentary. He only uses some lines of Arabic prayers and a quatrain of Molla Cāmi (d. 898 AH/1492 AD). This is a quatrain rubāi in Persian language meaning that "If you want no question and no grief of the destiny, drink wine in a pub, because swirling of the goblet and worries of the world do not share the same place just as the tune and the question do not coincide." The lack of touching on the meaning of words, ethymological structure and grammar rules in couplets makes it different from others, except the translation of Mr. Aḥmed Ṣāfi.