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Abstract The rapid emergence and evolution of blockchain technology have created new opportunities for implementing secure and scalable applications on the Internet of Things. Unfortunately, choosing the right blockchain framework for these applications can be challenging due to the vast number of available options. The paper explores the three main frameworks that are used in the development of IoT-based applications: IOTA, Hyperledger, and Ethereum.  This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the various aspects of the three main blockchain frameworks used in the development of IoT applications. It will help decision-makers make informed decisions when it comes to implementing their applications. The paper's introduction highlights the importance of considering the various factors that affect the development and implementation of IoT-based applications. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the various blockchain frameworks that are used for this type of technology. In addition, it reviews the literature on the security challenges and scalability issues of these frameworks. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the research that has been conducted on the secure and scalable implementation of these types of applications. This study presents the methodology for analyzing the various blockchain frameworks that are used for building IoT applications. The evaluation criteria are defined and the methods are described. The study also acknowledges the potential biases and limitations of these frameworks. The comparative analysis section of the paper takes a look at the different blockchain frameworks. It offers descriptions of IOTA, Ethereum, and Hyperledger Fabric and their features. It also delves into their security protocols and mechanisms, as well as their scalability solutions. The study explores the applications and use cases of these frameworks. The findings and discussion section compares and examines the security attributes of the different frameworks. It also explores their performance and scalability. In addition, it talks about the implications of such applications for their stable and scalable nature. The paper's comprehensive analysis of the three main blockchain frameworks used for developing IoT applications, namely IOTA, Ethereum and Hyperledger, provides valuable insight for decision-makers when it comes to choosing the ideal framework for their projects. The findings and recommendations that the paper presents contribute to the established body of knowledge about this type of technology and its applications.

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