Özet:

The majority of news and articles on foreign politics published in Hakimiyet-i Milliye newspaper during the years of National Struggle were about struggles for independence of Anatolia and Islamic countries against Western invaders and about Bolsheviks and Bolshevism. The common opinion of these texts for both Bolsheviks and Islamic countries was the necessity of “cooperation against the same enemy”. Issues of the security of caliphate authority and religious fellowship formed the basis for the claim of the newspaper that a union for struggle should be founded with Islamic countries against the same enemy. However, the political code considered to be suitable for the Islamic countries was total independence instead of panislamism. On the other hand, the common benefits of Russia and Turkey formed the basis of the union for struggle planned to be founded with the Bolsheviks. As for the issue of “Bolshevism”, which appeared on the agenda due to the Turkish-Bolshevik convergence, it was emphasized that Bolshevism gained progress in Russia because of the suitability of conditions which did not exist in Turkey. While the principles of Bolshevism such as anti-imperialism, equality, justice, and populism were put forward to be positive, public policy was highlighted to be the most appropriate policy for Turkey.

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