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Sulak alanlar dünya ekosisteminin dengesini ve devamlılığını sağlayan yeryüzünün en önemli ve kıymetli parçalarından biridir. Büyük bir sistemin parçaları olan bu alanlar, yer aldıkları sahanın iklimi, su kaynakları ve jeomorfolojik özelikleri gibi çevresel faktörlere karşı çok duyarlı olmakla birlikte, özellikle kuraklık sorunu ile karşı karşıyadır. Son zamanlarda uzaktan algılama ile sulak alanların izlenmesi, bu alanlara etki eden faktörlerin ve önem derecelerinin belirlenmesi ve sorunların çözümüne yönelik koruma ve geliştirme çalışmaları ağırlık kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada 2013 ve 2019 yılları arasında yağışlı ve kurak dönem sonlarında Çanakkale ili sınırları içerisinde yer alan Umurbey Deltası’nda yer alan lagünlerdeki su varlığı uzaktan algılama yöntemleri ile belirlenmiş, su ile kaplı alanların alansal değişimlerine meteorolojik ve hidrolojik kuraklığın etkisi incelenmiştir. Çok zamanlı alansal değişimin belirlenmesinde 15 m mekansal çözünürlüklü Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) multispektral pankeskinleştirilmiş uydu görüntülerinden üretilen Modifiye Edilmiş Normalize Fark Su İndisi (MNDWI), meteorolojik kuraklığın belirlenmesinde Standart Yağış İndisi (SPI) ve hidrolojik kuraklık için ise evapotranspirasyon ve su bütçesi hesabını içeren Thornthwaite İklim Sınıflama metodu kullanılmıştır. Meteorolojik ve hidrolojik kuraklığın lagün alanına etkileri yağışlı ve kurak dönem sonlarına kadar olacak şekilde aylık ve mevsimlik (1 ve 3 aylık) dönemlerde incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar lagün alanlarındaki değişimde meteorolojik kuraklık kısa inceleme dönemlerinde yağışlı dönemin sonunda daha fazla etkili olmaktadır. Diğer taraftan hidrolojik kuraklığın ise (buharlaşma ve bitki ile su tüketiminin) kurak dönemi içeren tüm inceleme dönemlerinde alansal değişimde daha etkili olduğunu göstermektedir.
The waters are one of the most important and valuable parts of the Earth that ensures the balance and continuity of the world’s ecosystem. These areas, which are part of a large system, are highly sensitive to environmental factors such as the climate of the area in which they are located, water resources and geomorphological characteristics, but are especially confronted with the problem of drought. Recently, remote detection and the monitoring of water fields have gained weight, determining the factors and levels of importance affecting these fields and the protection and development work to solve problems. In this study between 2013 and 2019, the rain and drought period ends within the limits of the Çanakkale coast of the Umurbey Delta, the water presence in the lagoon is determined by remote detection methods, the impact of meteorological and hydrological drought on the alansal changes of the water-covered areas. For the determination of multi-time alansal change, the 15 m space resolution Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) is produced from multi-spectral scattered satellite images, the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), the Standard Rain Index (SPI) for the determination of meteorological drought, and for hydrological drought, the Thornthwaite Climate Classification method is used, which includes the account of the evapotranspiration and water budget. The effects of meteorological and hydraulic drought on the lagoon area have been studied in monthly and seasonal periods (1 and 3 months) as it will be up to the end of the rain and dry period. The results obtained in the shift in the lagoon areas are more effective in the short periods of meteorological drought at the end of the rain period. On the other hand, hydraulic drought shows that it is more effective in the alansal change in all examination periods that include the drought period (bushing and plant and water consumption).
Wetlands are one of the most important and precious parts of the Earth that provide the balance and continuity of the world ecosystem. These areas, which are parts of a large system, are very sensitive to environmental factors such as the climate of their site, water resources and geomorphological features, but they are especially faced with the drought problem. Recently, monitoring of wetlands with remote sensing, determining the factors affecting these areas and their importance, and conservation and development studies for the solution of problems have gained importance. In this study, was determined remote sensing the presence of water in lagoons in the Umurbey Delta, which is located in the borders of Çanakkale province, the effect of meteorological and hydrological drought on the changes of water-covered areas were investigated between 2013 and 2019 at the end of rainy and dry periods. Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) produced from 15 m spatial resolution Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) multispectral pansharpening satellite images in the determination of multi-temporal spatial change, Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) for meteorological drought and for hydrological drought Thornthwaite Climate Classification method, which includes the calculation of evapotranspiration and water budget, were used. The effects of meteorological and hydrological drought on the lagoon area were examined in monthly and seasonal (1 and 3 months) periods at the end of rainy and dry periods. The results showed that the meteorological drought is more effective in the short review periods at the end of the rainy season.On the other hand, the hydrological drought under the effect of evaporation and plant water consumption (i.e. evapotranspiration) is more effective in water area changes at the end of the dry season.
Field : Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik; Mühendislik
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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