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Ukrayna’da, 2013-2014 yılları arasındaki Rusya’ya karşı baş gösteren protestolar sonucunda Lenin’in ülke genelindeki anıtlarının yıkılması hem ulusal hem de yerel düzlemde önemli bir yankı uyandırmıştır. Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılması ve komünizmin çöküşünün ardından Putin’in Velikorus şovenizmi, Ukrayna’ya asker göndermesi ve Kırım’ın ilhakı gibi yaşanan gelişmeler, Ukrayna ulusunun öfkeyle Lenin’in anıtlarını yıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu fenomen, “Leninopad” ya da “Lenin’in çöküşü” olarak adlandırılmış ve Ukrayna’daki desovyetizasyonun sembollerinden biri haline gelmiştir. 1991 yılında bağımsızlığını kazanan Ukrayna, diğer eski Sovyet cumhuriyetleri arasında kilometre kare başına en yüksek Lenin anıtına sahip ülke olmuştur. Bütün bu anıtlar, 1990’ların başındaki bağımsızlık hareketi sonucunda, 2004 yılı Turuncu Devrim döneminde ve 2014 yılı Onur Devrimi sürecinde üç farklı dalgada devrilmiştir. Makalede, dördüncü dalga olan “Leninopad” döneminde anıtların yıkılmasının ardındaki ideolojik ve politik nedenler incelenmiştir. Milliyetçiliğin yükselişi ve Leninopad fenomeninin Ukrayna’daki desovyetizasyon ve dekomünizasyon süreçlerini nasıl etkilediği anlatılmıştır. Ukrayna ve Rus basınında Leninopad ile ilgili haberler, Van Dijk'in eleştirel söylem analizine tabi tutulmuştur.
In Ukraine, the destruction of Lenin's monuments throughout the country, as a result of the protests against Russia between 2013-2014, has raised a significant emphasis on both national and local levels. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the collapse of communism, Putin's Velikorus shovenism, the sending of soldiers to Ukraine and the unification of Crimea have led to the destruction of Lenin's monuments by anger of the Ukrainian nation. This phenomenon was called "Leninopad" or "Lenin's collapse" and has become one of the symbols of de-Sovietization in Ukraine. Ukraine, which gained its independence in 1991, was the country with the highest Lenin monument per square kilometre among other former Soviet republics. All of these monuments were devastated in three different waves as a result of the independence movement in the early 1990s, during the 2004 Orange Revolution and during the 2014 Honor Revolution. The article examines the ideological and political reasons behind the destruction of monuments during the fourth wave of "Leninopad". The rise of nationalism and how the phenomenon of Leninopad influenced the processes of desovetization and decommunization in Ukraine. The news about Leninopad in the Ukrainian and Russian press has been subjected to Van Dijk’s critical speech analysis.
The desecration of Lenin’s monuments throughout Ukraine as a result of the anti-Russian rallies between 2013 and 2014 had significant reprecussions on both national and local level. After the breakdown of the Soviet Union and the fall of communism, Putin's Russian chauvinism, the employment of military in Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea, drove the Ukrainian population to destroy Lenin's monuments in a fit of rage. The “Leninopad” or “Leninfall” phenomenon has been dubbed one of the icons of de-Sovietization in Ukraine. Of all the former Soviet republics, Ukraine, which gained independence in 1991, was in possession of the most Lenin statues per square kilometer. Following independence in the early 1990s, during the Orange Revolution in 2004 and the Revolution of Dignity in 2014, all of these statues were destroyed in three separate waves. This article analyses the fourth wave of the “Leninfall” period's ideological and political motivations for destroying the sculptures. It discusses why the de-Sovietization and decommunization processes in Ukraine came to an end, along with the growth of nationalism and the Leninfall phenomenon. Finally, Van Dijk’s discourse analysis was applied to the Leninfall news stories published in the Russian and Ukrainian newspapers.
Field : Filoloji; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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